Question 1

Kohler's chimpanzees got to the banana by a trial and error process.

Accepted Answer

Kohler's chimpanzees demonstrated insight learning by suddenly understanding how to use tools or stack boxes to reach bananas, rather than through a trial and error process.

Question 2

Directed thinking is not particularly goal-oriented.

Accepted Answer

Directed thinking is goal-oriented as it involves focusing on a specific goal or problem and generating ideas, solutions, or strategies to achieve it.

Question 3

Write a paragraph describing some type of process and label at least one initial state, goal state, subgoal, operator, and problem space.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Write a paragraph describing some type of...

Question 4

Working backward to solve a problem is viable when a goal state is ill defined.

Accepted Answer

When a goal state is ill defined, it can be difficult to determine the steps needed to reach that goal. In these cases, working backward from the potential outcomes can help identify the necessary steps to achieve the desired end result.

Question 5

Describe the parts of a well-defined problem.Explain how this differs from an ill-defined problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the parts of a well-defined problem.Explain...

Question 6

10-year-old children competing in a chess tournament performed worse on a digit-span test than adults who play little chess.

Accepted Answer

This statement suggests that the cognitive ability of 10-year-old children who play chess may not be as advanced as adults who do not play chess. The digit-span test measures one's ability to remember and recall a sequence of numbers, which is a cognitive task that is relevant to both chess and other mental activities. Thus, it is possible that children who play chess may experience cognitive benefits specific to the game but may not excel as much in broader cognitive tasks.

Question 7

Most humans are creative in a historical sense.

Accepted Answer

Most humans are not considered creative in a historical sense, as historical creativity typically refers to groundbreaking contributions that have a significant impact on society or culture, which is achieved by a relatively small number of individuals.

Question 8

Brainstorming is undirected thinking.

Accepted Answer

Brainstorming is a technique of generating creative ideas through undirected and free-flowing thinking. It encourages individuals to generate as many ideas as possible without any criticism or evaluation.

Question 9

Preparation is a stage of the process of creativity.

Accepted Answer

Preparation is one of the stages of the creative process. It involves collecting information, researching, brainstorming, and analyzing data to generate ideas and gain a better understanding of the problem or topic at hand. Other stages of the creative process include incubation, illumination, and verification.

Question 10

Directed thinking is goal-oriented and rational.

Accepted Answer

Directed thinking is a cognitive process in which an individual sets a goal and uses rational and logical methods to achieve it. Therefore, the statement is true.

Quiz 9: Problem Solving