Question 1

The backflow of gastric contents from the stomach into the mouth is ____.

Accepted Answer

Reflux is the medical term for the backflow of gastric contents from the stomach into the mouth. Esophageal stricture refers to a narrowing of the esophagus, heartburn is a symptom of reflux, and achalasia is a disorder where the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax properly.

Question 2

A sign of oropharyngeal dysphagia is ____.

Accepted Answer

Nasal regurgitation is a sign of oropharyngeal dysphagia, which is difficulty or discomfort with swallowing due to a problem in the mouth or throat. This can cause food or liquids to pass into the nasal cavity instead of the esophagus. Option A is a sign of esophageal dysphagia, while options C and D are unrelated to dysphagia.

Question 3

A degenerative nerve condition affecting the esophagus, characterized by impaired peristalsis and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter when swallowing, is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Achalasia is a condition that affects the nerves in the esophagus, leading to impaired peristalsis and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter during swallowing. This can result in difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, chest pain, and weight loss. Achlorhydria and hypochlorhydria refer to low levels of stomach acid, while a stricture is a narrowing of the esophagus due to inflammation or scarring.

Question 4

Which food might be included on a Level 1 National Dysphagia Diet menu?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which food might be included on a...

Question 5

Which beverage is most appropriate for a client with dysphagia with an order for nectar-like liquids?

Accepted Answer

Tomato juice naturally has a thicker consistency similar to nectar-like liquids, making it suitable for someone with dysphagia.

Question 6

One of the most common complications from dysphagia is ____.

Accepted Answer

Aspiration is the most common complication from dysphagia, where food or liquid enters the airway instead of the esophagus, leading to various respiratory problems. Duodenal ulcers, esophageal spasm, and gastroesophageal reflux are potential complications but are less common than aspiration.

Question 7

Interventions that can help eliminate distress from GERD include ____.

Accepted Answer

Small, frequent feedings can help reduce the amount of acid produced in the stomach, which can alleviate symptoms of GERD. Lying down after meals can actually worsen symptoms, while fluid intake with meals and a pureed diet do not directly address the underlying cause of GERD.

Question 8

What increases risk of GERD by increasing pressure in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Wearing tight clothing increases pressure in the stomach, which can push stomach contents back into the esophagus, increasing the risk of GERD.

Question 9

Sam has been diagnosed with esophageal dysphagia. This means that he has ____.

Accepted Answer

Esophageal dysphagia refers to difficulty or pain when swallowing caused by a problem with the esophagus. A common symptom of esophageal dysphagia is the feeling of food sticking in the throat or chest. This is due to a difficulty passing a bolus of food through the esophagus into the stomach.

Question 10

Eric has developed dysphagia after having a stroke. He requires mechanically altered foods that are easier to swallow. His caregiver is assisting him with eating so that he will not become malnourished. What strategy can the caregiver perform that would most likely help Eric to accept his mechanically altered foods?

Accepted Answer

Serving the foods on an attractive plate can make them more visually appealing and appetizing to Eric, which may increase his acceptance of the mechanically altered foods. Substituting white vegetables, blending all foods, and heavily seasoning with salt and pepper are not effective strategies for increasing acceptance of these types of foods.

Question 11

Which condition would most likely be a cause of esophageal dysphagia?

Accepted Answer

Achalasia is a condition where the muscles at the lower end of the esophagus do not relax properly, causing difficulty in food passing from the esophagus to the stomach. This can lead to dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing.

Question 12

Thomas received eggnog with his meal. What type of liquid is this?

Accepted Answer

Eggnog is a creamy and viscous liquid, similar in texture to nectar. Therefore, the best choice is B, nectar-like.

Question 13

A potential long-term consequence of unresolved esophageal reflux and Barrett's esophagus is ____.

Accepted Answer

Unresolved esophageal reflux and Barrett's esophagus can increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer in the long term.

Question 14

Pain, bloating, or discomfort in the upper abdominal area is termed ____.

Accepted Answer

The term for pain, bloating, or discomfort in the upper abdominal area is dyspepsia. Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing, epigastria is not a medical term, and achalasia is a condition where the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax properly, causing difficulty swallowing.

Question 15

The function of the lower esophageal sphincter is to ____.

Accepted Answer

The lower esophageal sphincter's main function is to prevent backflow from the stomach into the esophagus, which can cause heartburn, reflux, and other digestive issues. Options A and B are incorrect as the lower esophageal sphincter is not involved in directing food from the mouth to the esophagus or protecting the airway during swallowing.

Question 16

What food should be avoided in Level 3 of the National Dysphagia Diet?

Accepted Answer

Clam chowder should be avoided in Level 3 of the National Dysphagia Diet because it typically contains chunks that can be difficult to chew and swallow safely for individuals with dysphagia. Level 3 foods should be moist and in bite-sized pieces, but clam chowder's consistency and the size of its components may not meet these criteria.

Question 17

Frequent reflux of highly acidic gastric fluids results in ____.

Accepted Answer

Reflux of highly acidic gastric fluids results in inflammation and scarring of the esophagus, a condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Stomach ulcers may also occur due to excess acid production, but it is not a direct result of reflux. The other options, the inability to swallow and an inability to use medications, are also not direct consequences of reflux.

Question 18

An example of a strategy used by dietitians to encourage clients on mechanically altered diets to eat is to ____.

Accepted Answer

Identifying a client's favorite foods and those with pleasant smells can help dietitians encourage them to eat. This can make the experience more enjoyable and increase the likelihood of the client sticking to their prescribed diet. Allowing them to eat all desired foods or just one meal a day may not be appropriate for their health needs, while restricting all favorite foods can lead to a lack of motivation and adherence to the altered diet.

Question 19

To minimize symptoms of dyspepsia, patients might be advised to do which activity?

Accepted Answer

Patients with dyspepsia should avoid overly seasoned foods as these can trigger symptoms. Consuming large meals can also worsen symptoms, while eating only raw foods may not provide enough nutrients and can be difficult to digest. Drinking coffee rather than fruit juice may also aggravate symptoms for some patients.

Question 20

When evaluating dysphagia, peristalsis and sphincter pressure are measured by ____.

Accepted Answer

A manometer is a device used to measure pressure, making it the most appropriate choice for measuring sphincter pressure in dysphagia. X-rays and fluoroscopy can be used to visualize the swallowing process, but they do not measure pressure. Echocardiograms are used to evaluate the heart, and are not relevant to the evaluation of dysphagia.

Quiz 23: Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders