Question 1

Iris has an order for continuous tube feedings through her nasogastric tube. She is to receive 2500 mL of formula on a continuous basis over 24 hours. At what hourly rate should the health care provider set the infusion pump?

Accepted Answer

To calculate the hourly rate, divide the total amount by the number of hours.

2500 mL ÷ 24 hours = 104 mL/hour.

Therefore, the hourly rate should be set to 104 mL/hour.

Question 2

A respiratory secretion sample typically has a pH of ____.

Accepted Answer

Respiratory secretion samples typically have a pH of 6 or higher, reflecting the slightly alkaline nature of the body's internal environment.

Question 3

What can happen when liquid medications are infused along with enteral feedings?

Accepted Answer

Infusing liquid medications with enteral feedings can increase the osmolality of the feeding solution, which can cause diarrhea or other gastrointestinal complications.

Question 4

A health care provider is preparing to administer a tube feeding to a patient with a nasogastric tube. To best reduce the risk of formula contamination, the caregiver should perform which step first?

Accepted Answer

Cleaning the lid of the can with an alcohol wipe is the first step to reduce the risk of formula contamination, as it ensures that any bacteria or contaminants present on the lid are removed before the can is opened.

Question 5

A patient with fluid, electrolyte, and protein restrictions would most likely need which type of formula?

Accepted Answer

A patient with fluid, electrolyte, and protein restrictions would most likely need a renal or hepatic insufficiency formula, which is designed to restrict these nutrients while still providing adequate nutrition. Carbohydrate-modified or high-kcalorie formulas would not be appropriate in this case, and a standard formula with moderate fiber content may still contain too much protein and electrolytes.

Question 6

A gastric secretion sample typically has a pH of ____.

Accepted Answer

Gastric secretion typically has a pH of 5 or lower due to the presence of hydrochloric acid.

Question 7

Most enteral formulas have energy density of ____ kcalories per milliliter of fluid.

Accepted Answer

Most enteral formulas are designed to provide 1.0 to 2.0 kilocalories per milliliter of fluid, catering to standard nutritional needs and making them suitable for a wide range of patients requiring tube feeding.

Question 8

The vast majority of patients commonly use which type of enteral formula?

Accepted Answer

Standard enteral formulas are the most commonly used because they provide complete nutrition and are designed for individuals with normal gastrointestinal function. They contain a balance of macronutrients and micronutrients, and are suitable for most patients who require enteral feeding. Hydrolyzed formulas are intended for patients who have difficulty tolerating intact proteins, specialized formulas are designed for specific medical conditions or nutrient needs, and modular formulas allow for more individualized tailoring of nutrient intake.

Question 9

Intermittent feeding using the gravity drip method is suitable for the delivery of no more than how much formula over 30 minutes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intermittent feeding using the gravity drip method...

Question 10

What is a carbohydrate source used in many standard formulas?

Accepted Answer

Maltodextrin is commonly used as a carbohydrate source in many standard formulas due to its ability to provide a quick source of energy and its easy digestibility. Amylopectin is also a common carbohydrate source, but it is typically found in whole food sources rather than in formulas. Aldose and cellulose are not commonly used as carbohydrate sources in formulas.

Question 11

The delivery of up to 500 mL of formula within 10 minutes is termed a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

Bolus feeding involves the delivery of a large volume of formula (usually 250-500 mL) over a short period of time, typically 10-15 minutes. This is done intermittently, usually several times a day, rather than continuously like a drip feeding. Minimal residual feeding involves infusing a small volume of formula slowly over a longer period of time to minimize the residual volume left in the stomach, while intermittent feeding involves the delivery of formula at regular intervals throughout the day.

Question 12

What is a characteristic of a closed feeding system?

Accepted Answer

A closed feeding system can hang for a longer period of time without the risk of contamination, making it more convenient for both the patient and the healthcare provider.

Question 13

Intermittent tube feedings are best tolerated when they are administered over ____.

Accepted Answer

Intermittent tube feedings should be administered over 30 to 45 minutes to avoid rapid distention of the stomach and to improve tolerance. Giving the feeding too quickly or too slowly can lead to complications such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or aspiration. Administering the feeding over 1 to 2 hours or 4 to 6 hours would be too slow and may not provide adequate nutrition, while giving over 5 to 10 minutes would be too fast and may cause discomfort and complications.

Question 14

Proper sterile techniques should be used during preparation and delivery of formulas to protect patients from ____.

Accepted Answer

Proper sterile techniques are important to prevent exposure to foodborne illness, as contaminated formula can lead to serious sickness and health complications in patients with compromised immune systems. While it is important to avoid patients receiving the wrong formula, malnutrition, and dehydration, these issues are not directly related to the use of sterile techniques during formula preparation and delivery.

Question 15

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A formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum is known as a(n) ____ formula.

Accepted Answer

A formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum is known as a hypertonic formula. Isotonic formulas have the same osmolality as blood serum, enteral formulas are designed to be taken through a feeding tube, and complete formulas provide all necessary nutrients. Therefore, B is the best choice as it directly answers the question asked.

Question 16

Health care facilities have protocols for handling food products and formulas based on the potential hazards and critical control points in food preparation, which are called ____.

Accepted Answer

HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) systems are specifically designed to identify and prevent potential hazards in food preparation, such as contamination or improper handling, and establish critical control points to minimize risk. The other options listed are not directly related to food handling protocols.

Question 17

Open containers of formula that are unused should be disposed of within ____ hours.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Open containers of formula that are unused...

Question 18

What is a characteristic of an open feeding system?

Accepted Answer

In an open feeding system, the formula must be transferred from its original packaging to a feeding container, which differentiates it from closed systems where the formula is fed directly from its original packaging. This process requires careful handling to maintain hygiene and prevent contamination.

Question 19

When an open feeding system is used, the nurse should hang no more than a(n) ____-hour supply.

Accepted Answer

In an open feeding system, it's recommended to hang no more than an 8-hour supply to minimize the risk of bacterial growth and ensure the freshness of the feed.

Question 20

To reduce the risk of aspiration, the patient's upper body is elevated to a ____-degree angle during the feeding.

Accepted Answer

Elevating the upper body to a 30 to 45-degree angle is recommended to reduce the risk of aspiration during feeding. This position helps to keep the food and liquid from flowing back into the trachea and lungs. Elevating the head higher than 45 degrees may cause discomfort, while elevating less than 30 degrees may not provide enough protection against aspiration.

Quiz 20: Enteral Nutrition Support