Question 1

Matilda is seventy years old and in good health, with no signs of dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Matilda is most likely to experience some difficulties remembering

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matilda is seventy years old and in...

Question 2

Glen has reached Kohlberg's fifth stage of moral reasoning. According to the textbook, if he is given the opportunity to cheat on a test, what will he do?

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's fifth stage of moral reasoning, individuals make moral judgments based on societal norms and values. However, at this stage, individuals also recognize that these norms can conflict with their own individual rights and beliefs. Therefore, whether or not Glen cheats on the test would depend on the circumstances and whether he believes it aligns with both societal norms and his own personal beliefs.

Question 3

During a workshop, the presenter asks everyone to reflect on their own identity. Kelly starts by thinking about how she is Indian American, practices Hinduism, and that her parents were part of the Brahmin caste when they lived in India. Kelly is thinking about her

Accepted Answer

Kelly is reflecting on her ethnic identity, which includes her cultural background, religion, and familial heritage.

Question 4

Tina's car was towed after being parked on a snow route. She complained that the tow violated her principles of universal justice and fairness. Her friend Dave argued that although the street was completely plowed, Tina technically violated the law and deserved a ticket. According to Kohlberg, Dave's moral reasoning is most likely at the __________ level.

Accepted Answer

Dave's reasoning aligns with the conventional level, where individuals uphold laws and rules to maintain social order and gain approval from others.

Question 5

Social changes, such as becoming more inward looking, cautious, and conforming, are most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Late adulthood is often associated with becoming more inward looking, cautious, and conforming due to factors like retirement, health concerns, and reflecting on life experiences.

Question 6

Which of the following does not occur during menopause?

Accepted Answer

During menopause, progesterone levels do not rise; they actually decrease along with estrogen levels.

Question 7

Jayendra has just graduated from college. He has a strong sense of his goals and values, and is ready to enter adulthood with confidence and maturity. Based on this information, it appears that Jayendra has successfully worked through his

Accepted Answer

Jayendra's strong sense of goals and values suggests that he has successfully worked through his identity crisis, which is a key task of adolescence according to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. The other choices are not relevant to this stage of development.

Question 8

Heinz's wife is very ill and will die without treatment. Unfortunately, the only drug that can help her is very rare and much too expensive for Heinz to afford. If Heinz is presented with an opportunity to steal the drug, his postconventional moral reasoning would lead him to conclude that he should

Accepted Answer

Postconventional moral reasoning involves making decisions based on universal ethical principles and the greater good. In this scenario, Heinz would prioritize the value of human life over property rights.

Question 9

Which is true concerning Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory suggests that as people age, the reasoning behind their moral decisions evolves through distinct stages, reflecting a consistent pattern of development.

Question 10

Which of the following statements has been identified as a limitation of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory has been criticized for its Western-centric bias, as it may not account for cultural differences in moral reasoning.

Question 11

As Tess has become an adult, she has come to understand that the contradictions in life are an inevitable part of reality. She sees that knowledge is relative, not absolute as she once thought. It appears that Tess's thinking has become

Accepted Answer

Dialectical thinking involves recognizing and reconciling contradictions, understanding that knowledge and truth can be relative and context-dependent.

Question 12

Because Lawrence Kohlberg used an all-male sample, Carol Gilligan rejected his findings that the "moral ideal" is based only on some abstract concept of justice. Gilligan's research findings suggest that the female view of morality is based on

Accepted Answer

Gilligan argued that women are more likely to consider relationships and care for others as central to moral reasoning, contrasting with Kohlberg's justice-focused approach.

Question 13

Leasha is trying to decide whether to use an illegal online song-sharing service. She thinks, "If I download songs from the Internet, the police could track me down and put me in jail. Since I really don't want to go to jail, I'm not going to use the service." According to Kohlberg, at which level of moral reasoning is Leasha?

Accepted Answer

Leasha's reasoning is based on avoiding punishment, which is characteristic of the preconventional level of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg.

Question 14

Jamel must decide what he should do with $1,000 that he found in the street. He decides to give it to a homeless shelter because his neighbors will think he is a great person. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, Jamal is most likely at the __________ level of moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Jamel's decision is based on the desire to be seen positively by others, which aligns with the conventional level of moral reasoning, where individuals conform to social norms and seek approval from others.

Question 15

All of the following physical changes typically occur during adulthood except

Accepted Answer

Increased nearsightedness is not typically associated with adulthood; rather, it is more common in childhood and adolescence.

Question 16

The focus of psychosocial development in adolescence, according to Erik Erikson, is __________ formation.

Accepted Answer

The focus of psychosocial development during adolescence, according to Erik Erikson, is identity formation. During this stage, individuals begin to explore and develop their sense of self, including values, beliefs, and goals. It is a critical period for individuals to form a cohesive and positive identity that will guide them through adulthood. The other answer choices (trust, integrity, and industry) are focused on earlier stages of psychosocial development.

Question 17

Ginny, a junior in high school, has been sexually active for about a year. Amber is also a junior in high school but is not sexually active. Ginny is __________ likely than Amber to have __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ginny, a junior in high school, has...

Question 18

Rachel has missed several classes because of family troubles. On the day of the midterm, Rachel asks you if she can copy your answers so she does not fail the exam. According to Kohlberg, how would you respond if you were using postconventional moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Postconventional moral reasoning involves making decisions based on ethical principles and justice. Option B reflects a concern for fairness and the rights of others, which aligns with postconventional reasoning.

Question 19

Kohlberg's moral developmental stages have been considered universal. However, recent research on moral development and ________has created some debate over the universality of Kohlberg's stages.

Accepted Answer

Recent research has shown that cultural and gender differences can influence moral values and ethical decision-making, which could impact the universality of Kohlberg's moral developmental stages. Therefore, choice C (gender and culture) is the best answer.

Question 20

Kira is at the preconventional level of moral reasoning. What reason might she give for not stealing candy from Mr. Looper's corner store?

Accepted Answer

At the preconventional level of moral reasoning, individuals make decisions based on the consequences to themselves, such as avoiding punishment, rather than based on societal rules or personal ethics.

Quiz 9: Human Development