Question 1

Which cellular component can be found in a mature sperm cell?
A)mitochondria
B)Golgi apparatus
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)mRNA
E)ribosomes

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are found in the midpiece of mature sperm cells, providing energy for the sperm's motility.

Question 2

What is the fate of most of a woman's mature eggs?
A)they are fertilized
B)they are stored for future use
C)they die
D)they are reset back to primary oocytes
E)they stay immature

Accepted Answer

Most of a woman's mature eggs die because only a small fraction are ovulated and potentially fertilized during her reproductive years.

Question 3

Where in a sperm cell are mitochondria found?
A)the head
B)the midpiece
C)the tail
D)both the tail and the midpiece
E)both the head and the midpiece

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are found in the midpiece of a sperm cell. This is because the midpiece contains a lot of energy-producing ATP that is needed for the sperm to swim and reach the egg during fertilization. The head of the sperm cell contains genetic material and the tail is used for movement, but neither of these structures contain mitochondria.

Question 4

Ovulation is triggered by ____.
A)high levels of LH
B)low levels of LH
C)low levels of estrogen
D)high levels of estrogen
E)high levels of progesterone

Accepted Answer

Ovulation is triggered by a surge in LH (luteinizing hormone) from the pituitary gland, which is triggered by high levels of estrogen.

Question 5

Which hormone prepares the reproductive tract for pregnancy?
A)estrogen
B)luteinizing hormone
C)oxytocin
D)progesterone
E)prolactin

Accepted Answer

Progesterone prepares the reproductive tract for pregnancy by thickening the uterine lining and promoting the growth of blood vessels to support implantation of a fertilized egg. It also suppresses ovulation to prevent the release of additional eggs during pregnancy.

Question 6

Inside the penis, there are ____ cylinders of spongy tissue.
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Accepted Answer

Inside the penis, there are three cylinders of spongy tissue, which include two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum.

Question 7

Erectile dysfunction drugs cause ____.
A)penis muscles to contract
B)blood vessels of the penis to widen
C)the spongy tissue of the penis to stiffen
D)an increase in hydrostatic pressure
E)increased semen flow

Accepted Answer

Erectile dysfunction drugs, such as Viagra, work by widening the blood vessels in the penis, which increases blood flow and helps achieve and maintain an erection.

Question 8

What is the function of a polar body?
A)it directs sperm to the urethra
B)it provides nourishment to the developing oocyte
C)it serves as a nurse cell to spermatids
D)it may become a functional oocyte
E)it has no function

Accepted Answer

Polar bodies are byproducts of oocyte meiosis and typically do not have a function; they usually degenerate.

Question 9

What is the order of anatomical structures through which a sperm cell passes during maturation and expulsion from the body?
1. vas deferens
2. epididymus
3. urethra
A)1-2-3
B)1-3-2
C)2-3-1
D)2-1-3
E)3-1-2

Accepted Answer

Sperm matures in the epididymis (2), travels through the vas deferens (1), and is expelled through the urethra (3).

Question 10

Immature sperm pass through the ____, a coiled duct on top of the testes, where they mature.
A)epididymis
B)seminal vesicle
C)prostate
D)vas deferens

Accepted Answer

Immature sperm pass through the epididymis, a coiled duct on top of the testes, where they mature. The seminal vesicle, prostate, and vas deferens are also involved in the production and transportation of semen, but they do not play a direct role in the maturation of sperm.

Question 11

What is the function of the prostate secretions?
A)sperm maturation
B)to provide sperm with energy
C)to protect sperm from vaginal acidity
D)to stimulate the release of LH
E)to increase sperm motility

Accepted Answer

The prostate secretions help protect sperm from the acidic environment of the vagina by neutralizing the acidity.

Question 12

The first day of the menstrual cycle is marked by ____.
A)the beginning of ovulation
B)the onset of PMS
C)the beginning of menstruation
D)an increase in the thickness of the uterine lining
E)the beginning of the luteal phase

Accepted Answer

The first day of the menstrual cycle is marked by the beginning of menstruation, which is the shedding of the uterine lining. This marks the beginning of a new menstrual cycle.

Question 13

The cessation of regular menstrual cycles due to age is called ____.
A)menopause
B)the luteal phase
C)the follicular phase
D)PMS
E)menstruation

Accepted Answer

Menopause is the only option that accurately describes the cessation of regular menstrual cycles due to age. The luteal phase and follicular phase refer to stages within the menstrual cycle, PMS refers to premenstrual syndrome, and menstruation refers to the shedding of the uterine lining during a menstrual cycle.

Question 14

A penis becomes erect because of ____.
A)muscle contractions
B)blood flow into spongy tissue
C)hydrostatic pressure
D)osmosis
E)abdominal wall contractions

Accepted Answer

A penis becomes erect due to increased blood flow into spongy tissue. This occurs because the smooth muscles lining the blood vessels in the penis relax, allowing more blood to flow into the penis and fill the spongy tissue. This leads to an increase in pressure and rigidity of the penis, resulting in an erection.

Question 15

In the human male, sperm are produced in the ____.
A)bulbourethral glands
B)prostate
C)seminiferous tubules
D)vas deferens
E)epididymis

Accepted Answer

Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

Question 16

Fertilization in humans occurs in the ____.
A)ovary
B)uterus
C)vagina
D)oviduct
E)follicle

Accepted Answer

Fertilization in humans occurs in the oviduct, also known as the fallopian tube, where sperm can meet and fertilize the egg that has been released from the ovary. The uterus, vagina, and follicle are all important in the reproductive process, but fertilization specifically occurs in the oviduct.

Question 17

Menstrual flow results in the discharge of ____.
A)the follicle
B)the corpus luteum
C)the lining of the uterus
D)surface cells from the vagina
E)blood from the blood vessels on the outer surface of the uterus

Accepted Answer

Menstrual flow results from the shedding of the uterine lining, which is also known as the endometrium.

Question 18

Human female germ cells form ____.
A)before birth
B)shortly after birth
C)at puberty
D)during late teenage-hood
E)at fertilization

Accepted Answer

Human female germ cells, or oocytes, form before birth. They develop within the ovaries during fetal development and remain in a state of meiotic arrest until after puberty, when one or more may be released during ovulation.

Question 19

A fully functional corpus luteum secretes ____.
A)LH and FSH
B)estrogens and progesterone
C)GnRH and estrogens
D)estrogens and FSH
E)progesterone and LH

Accepted Answer

The corpus luteum is formed after ovulation and secretes primarily progesterone and some estrogen. LH is required for the formation and maintenance of the corpus luteum, but it is not secreted by the corpus luteum itself. FSH is not secreted by the corpus luteum. GnRH is produced by the hypothalamus and regulates the release of both LH and FSH from the pituitary gland, but it is not directly secreted by the corpus luteum.

Question 20

The reproductive organ in the human female that is responsible for egg production is the ____.
A)uterus
B)ovary
C)vagina
D)clitoris
E)oviduct

Accepted Answer

The ovaries are the reproductive organs in the human female that produce and release eggs. The uterus is where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus. The vagina is the muscular tube that connects the cervix (the lower part of the uterus) to the outside of the body. The clitoris is a sensitive organ involved in sexual pleasure. The oviduct (also known as the fallopian tube) is the tube that transports the egg from the ovary to the uterus, and is not responsible for egg production itself.

Quiz 26: Reproduction and Development

Which cellular component can be found in a mature sperm cell?

What is the fate of most of a woman's mature eggs?

Where in a sperm cell are mitochondria found?

Ovulation is triggered by ____.

Which hormone prepares the reproductive tract for pregnancy?

Inside the penis, there are ____ cylinders of spongy tissue.

Erectile dysfunction drugs cause ____.

What is the function of a polar body?

What is the order of anatomical structures through which a sperm cell passes during maturation and expulsion from the body? 1. vas deferens 2. epididymus 3. urethra

Immature sperm pass through the ____, a coiled duct on top of the testes, where they mature.

What is the function of the prostate secretions?

The first day of the menstrual cycle is marked by ____.

The cessation of regular menstrual cycles due to age is called ____.

A penis becomes erect because of ____.

In the human male, sperm are produced in the ____.

Fertilization in humans occurs in the ____.

Menstrual flow results in the discharge of ____.

Human female germ cells form ____.

A fully functional corpus luteum secretes ____.

The reproductive organ in the human female that is responsible for egg production is the ____.