Question 1

Biophysical explanations help a teacher identify immediate factors that affect behavior.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

At what psychosexual stage are adolescents likely to withdraw from families and develop an interest in the opposite sex?

Accepted Answer

The genital stage is the final stage of Freud's psychosexual development theory, occurring from puberty onwards. During this stage, adolescents' sexual urges reawaken and are directed towards peers, leading to the development of romantic interests and often a withdrawal from family as the primary focus of emotional attachment.

Question 3

If a child is angry with their parents, but takes out her anger by kicking the family dog, she is engaging in which defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Displacement is a defense mechanism where an individual redirects their emotions or reactions from the original source to a safer or more convenient target. In this case, the child is redirecting her anger from her parents to the dog.

Question 4

What is the main purpose of the ego?

Accepted Answer

The main purpose of the ego, according to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, is to mediate among the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. It helps manage the psychic energy of these aspects, aiming to find a balance and prevent conflict.

Question 5

Which of the following terms describes a theory that can be scientifically tested?

Accepted Answer

Verifiable theories are those that can be tested through scientific methods to determine their validity. This means that evidence can be gathered to support or refute the theory, making it a fundamental aspect of the scientific process.

Question 6

Which of the following social learning terms refers to a child's belief that imitating certain behaviors will lead to certain consequences?

Accepted Answer

Outcome expectations refer to an individual's belief that a certain behavior will lead to specific outcomes. In the context of social learning, this involves the understanding that imitating certain behaviors can result in certain consequences, which guides decision-making and behavior imitation in children.

Question 7

According to the operant model, a person's behavior is instrumental in producing a reward.

Accepted Answer

In the operant conditioning model, a person's behavior is considered instrumental because it is through this behavior that they can produce outcomes or rewards.

Question 8

Which psychosexual stage is considered a relatively calm and tranquil period where the child focuses on school, play, and same-sex friends?

Accepted Answer

The latency stage, according to Freudian psychosexual development theory, is a period of relative calm between the ages of six and puberty, where sexual urges are repressed and children focus on developing social skills, making friends, and acquiring new knowledge.

Question 9

A parsimonious explanation would:

Accepted Answer

A parsimonious explanation is one that is simple and straightforward, accounting for all observed phenomena without unnecessary complexity.

Question 10

According to Bandura, how do children learn new social behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Children learn new social behaviors by observing the actions of important people around them, as per Bandura's social learning theory.

Question 11

According to ecological theory, ecosystems seek equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

Ecological theory posits that ecosystems tend to move towards a state of equilibrium where the living organisms and their environment are in a stable relationship, adjusting to external and internal changes to maintain balance.

Question 12

Ms. Nitrate is having problems keeping Rufus from talking in class. Ms. Nitrate gets so frustrated that she tells the class that it is no longer necessary to be quiet. What ecological process has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Succession refers to the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. In this context, it metaphorically describes the change in classroom behavior dynamics due to Ms. Nitrate's decision.

Question 13

If an explanation for behavior is inclusive, then it must:

Accepted Answer

An inclusive explanation for behavior should account for a substantial quantity of behavior, meaning it should cover a wide range of behaviors and situations.

Question 14

Id is to biological as superego is to:

Accepted Answer

The superego is part of Freud's model of the psyche and is associated with the social conscience, representing internalized societal norms and morals.

Question 15

Which type of learning occurs by pairing two stimuli together so that the second stimulus elicits the same response as the first stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Respondent conditioning, also known as classical conditioning, involves learning to associate two stimuli in such a way that one stimulus comes to elicit a response that was originally elicited only by the other stimulus. This type of learning was famously demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov through his experiments with dogs.

Question 16

Niche breadth refers to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Niche breadth refers to:
...

Question 17

What is the mechanism under which most observational learning occurs?

Accepted Answer

Observational learning primarily occurs through cognitive processes, as it involves watching others and then imitating or modeling their behavior based on the observation. This process requires understanding and processing the observed behavior cognitively before it can be replicated.

Question 18

The superego is a predominantly conscious force.

Accepted Answer

The superego, according to Freudian psychoanalytic theory, operates both at the conscious and unconscious levels, but it is largely an unconscious force that represents the internalized ideals and moral standards acquired from parents and society.

Question 19

Freudian slips are an example of:

Accepted Answer

Freudian slips are considered examples of repressed material coming to the surface. According to Sigmund Freud, these slips of the tongue reveal unconscious thoughts or feelings that have been repressed.

Question 20

Vicarious reinforcement or vicarious punishment is likely to take place when children see the type of consequences others receive for performing certain behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Vicarious reinforcement or punishment occurs when an individual observes another person (the model) being rewarded or punished for a behavior, which then influences the observer's likelihood of performing the same behavior. Children often learn by observing the consequences of actions performed by others.

Quiz 3: Theories of Behavior