Question 1

"Sticky ends" are:

Accepted Answer

"Sticky ends" refer to the single-stranded ends of a DNA segment that are created by certain restriction enzymes. These ends can anneal to complementary "sticky ends" of other DNA segments, allowing for their ligation or joining together to create recombinant DNA molecules. This property is key to many applications in biotechnology and molecular biology, such as cloning and genetic engineering.

Question 2

Transformation is a process whereby:

Accepted Answer

Transformation is a process in which foreign DNA, often in the form of plasmids, is introduced into bacterial cells. This can occur naturally or through the use of laboratory techniques. Bacteria are not transferred into viral cells, and viruses cannot be transferred into bacterial cells because they require a host cell to replicate.

Question 3

The total DNA in a cell is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

The genome is the total DNA in a cell.

Question 4

A chromosome library is a collection of all of the DNA:

Accepted Answer

A chromosome library contains all the DNA sequences present in a single chromosome, not the entire genome of an organism.

Question 5

The use of organisms to develop useful products is called:

Accepted Answer

Biotechnology refers to the use of organisms or their components to develop useful products, such as medications, fuels, and food. Bioengineering and genetic engineering are often used interchangeably with biotechnology, but they may also refer to specific techniques within the broader field of biotechnology. In vitro gene technology and recombinant DNA technology are also specific techniques within biotechnology.

Question 6

DNA ligase links two ____ DNA fragments by ____ bonds.

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase links two linear DNA fragments by covalent bonds.

Question 7

Which DNA sequence below would be a palindromic sequence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which DNA sequence below would be a...

Question 8

Bacteria methylate their DNA in order to:

Accepted Answer

Bacteria methylate their DNA to protect it from their own restriction enzymes, which cut foreign DNA, such as viral DNA, that is not methylated.

Question 9

What is one feature of "engineered" plasmids that is helpful in the isolation and analysis of cloned DNA?

Accepted Answer

Engineered plasmids often contain selectable marker genes that allow transformed cells to grow and survive on different media. This makes it easy to isolate and analyze the cloned DNA.

Question 10

During the preparation of a human genomic library, plasmids containing human DNA fragments are inserted into:

Accepted Answer

During the preparation of a human genomic library, plasmids containing human DNA fragments are inserted into antibiotic-sensitive E. coli cells. These cells become antibiotic-resistant if they are successfully transformed with plasmids that carry an antibiotic resistance gene, allowing for the selection of transformed cells.

Question 11

In producing a genomic library, human DNA and plasmid DNA must first be treated with:

Accepted Answer

To produce a genomic library, both human DNA and plasmid DNA must be cut with the same restriction enzyme to ensure that the ends of the human DNA fragments can properly align and ligate with the ends of the opened plasmid DNA, facilitating the insertion of human DNA into the plasmid.

Question 12

A genomic library consists of fragments of all of the DNA:

Accepted Answer

A genomic library consists of fragments of all of the DNA that would be found in a typical cell of a particular organism.

Question 13

Bacteriophages are:

Accepted Answer

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria.

Question 14

A genomic library is a collection of:

Accepted Answer

A genomic library is a collection of small DNA fragments that have been cloned into a plasmid or phage vector, allowing researchers to study an organism's entire genome. This is achieved by cutting genomic DNA into fragments, and then inserting those fragments into a vector, such as a plasmid or phage. The DNA fragments are then replicated along with the vector, resulting in a library of genomic clones. Therefore, option B is the only correct choice as it correctly matches the definition of a genomic library.

Question 15

Plasmid cloning vectors can:

Accepted Answer

Plasmid cloning vectors can typically accommodate DNA fragments up to 10 kb in size. Some high-capacity vectors may be able to accommodate larger fragments, but 10 kb is a common limit for most plasmid vectors.

Question 16

A large number of copies of any DNA segment can be obtained by:

Accepted Answer

Introducing foreign DNA into a microorganism allows for it to be replicated and for numerous copies of the DNA segment to be generated. This process is commonly used in biotechnology to produce large quantities of specific DNA sequences for various applications.

Question 17

What purpose do restriction enzymes play in bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzymes are part of the bacterial defense system against foreign DNA, such as bacteriophage DNA. They cut the DNA at specific recognition sites, which can be used to destroy bacteriophage DNA or prevent the entry of foreign DNA into the bacterial cell.

Question 18

"Bt corn" are corn plants that contain a bacterial gene for the bacterial toxin, Bt. The production of this toxin kills insects that feed on the plant, thereby making the plants pest-resistant. This process is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Bt corn" are corn plants that contain...

Question 19

A ____ is required to transfer genes from one organism to another.

Accepted Answer

A vector, which is typically a plasmid or virus, is used to transfer genes from one organism to another in genetic engineering. The vector serves as a carrier to deliver the desired genes into the host organism's cells.

Question 20

Splicing together DNA from two different organisms is known as:

Accepted Answer

Splicing together DNA from two different organisms is known as recombinant DNA technology. Bioengineering and genome technology are more general terms that can encompass a variety of techniques, while in vitro gene technology typically refers to the manipulation of individual genes in a laboratory setting. DNA sequencing involves determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, but does not necessarily involve splicing together DNA from different organisms.

Quiz 15: Dna Technology and Genomics