Question 1

Behavior is a product of:

Accepted Answer

Socialization is the process by which individuals learn the values, norms, and behaviors of their society.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true, based on the text's discussion on heroin?

Accepted Answer

The statement about the importance of others' expectations in both occupying and leaving deviant roles reflects a sociological perspective on addiction and social behavior, suggesting that social context and interactions play a significant role in the process of becoming addicted to substances like heroin and in the process of recovery or cessation of use.

Question 3

The act of orienting one's own behavior to a set of expectations defined by a role is called:

Accepted Answer

Role playing involves adopting and acting out a particular role, often with the expectation that one will conform to the social norms and behaviors associated with that role.

Question 4

The role that other roles are organized around is a person's:

Accepted Answer

The term "master role" refers to the role around which a person organizes their identity and actions, often overshadowing other roles they may have.

Question 5

Socialization is the process where people acquire skills to perform roles

Accepted Answer

Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and acquire the skills, knowledge, values, and behaviors necessary for performing social roles within their society.

Question 6

Theories that look for causes in the processes by which individuals come to commit deviant acts are called _______ theories.

Accepted Answer

Processual theories focus on the processes through which individuals come to engage in deviant behavior, examining the sequence of actions and decisions leading up to the act.

Question 7

A role is a set of expectations attached to a particular identity

Accepted Answer

A role refers to the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a specific social status or identity, defining how an individual is expected to act in certain contexts.

Question 8

The same basic processes produce social behavior for both deviants and non-deviants.

Accepted Answer

Both deviants and non-deviants engage in social behavior based on the same fundamental processes such as learning, socialization, and interaction with others, but the outcomes and norms they adhere to may differ.

Question 9

Deviants have exclusive claim to knowledge of the subject of deviance.

Accepted Answer

Knowledge of deviance is not exclusive to deviants; it is also studied and understood by sociologists, psychologists, criminologists, and other scholars who analyze behaviors, norms, and the social construction of deviance.

Question 10

Scientists have recently identified a specific alcoholism gene that predisposes individuals to heavy drinking.

Accepted Answer

While genetics play a role in the risk of developing alcoholism, scientists have not identified a single "alcoholism gene." Instead, multiple genes and environmental factors contribute to the risk.

Question 11

_____ argued that one should not always agree with a research subject's definition of the situation. Instead, he argued that the researcher should "comprehend and illuminate the subject's view and to interpret the world as it appears to him."

Accepted Answer

Matza argued for a nuanced approach to understanding research subjects' perspectives, emphasizing the importance of not just agreeing with their definitions but also comprehensively interpreting their views and the world as it appears to them.

Question 12

A researcher must balance sensitivity to the deviant's unique perspective with a concern for objectivity.

Accepted Answer

In qualitative research, especially when studying deviant behavior or marginalized groups, it's crucial for researchers to empathize and understand the unique perspectives of their subjects to gain deep insights. However, maintaining objectivity is essential to ensure the research findings are credible and not biased by personal views or the researcher's close engagement with the subjects.

Question 13

There are no physical functions or structures, no combination of genes, and no glandular secretions that contain within themselves the power to direct, guide, or determine the type, form, and course of human social behavior.

Accepted Answer

There are no physical functions or structures, no combination of genes, and no glandular secretions that contain within themselves the power to direct, guide, or determine the type, form, and course of human social behavior.

Question 14

Rational choice theorists assume that criminals are hedonistic

Accepted Answer

Rational choice theorists believe that criminals make a conscious, rational, and at least partially hedonistic decision to commit crime, weighing the potential benefits and risks.

Question 15

There is an inherent difference between deviants and non-deviants.

Accepted Answer

The distinction between deviants and non-deviants is not inherent but socially constructed, as societies define what is considered deviant behavior, which can vary widely across different cultures and time periods.

Question 16

When an individual plays too many roles to fill them adequately, or when role prescriptions are unclear that individual is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Role strain occurs when an individual plays too many roles to fill them adequately, or when role prescriptions are unclear.

Question 17

What do the authors of the text argue for in the study of deviance?

Accepted Answer

The authors argue for a balanced approach in the study of deviance, suggesting that researchers should integrate both correctional and appreciative perspectives to gain a comprehensive understanding of deviance.

Question 18

Johnny is unemployed, which means that he cannot be employed. In this situation, being unemployed is a _____ to being employed.

Accepted Answer

Being unemployed is a proscribed role in this context because it indicates a status or condition that prohibits or restricts Johnny from being employed, aligning with the definition of "proscribed."

Question 19

People can easily change previously ascribed roles when they desire.

Accepted Answer

Changing previously ascribed roles, such as those based on gender, race, or social class, can be challenging due to societal norms, expectations, and systemic barriers.

Question 20

Sociologists that study deviant behavior use which of the following research methods?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists studying deviant behavior employ a variety of research methods including participant observation, analysis of firsthand materials (like life histories, diaries, and letters), and in-depth interviewing to gain a comprehensive understanding of the phenomena.

Quiz 3: Becoming Deviant

Behavior is a product of:

Which of the following statements is true, based on the text's discussion on heroin?

The act of orienting one's own behavior to a set of expectations defined by a role is called:

The role that other roles are organized around is a person's:

Socialization is the process where people acquire skills to perform roles

Theories that look for causes in the processes by which individuals come to commit deviant acts are called _______ theories.

A role is a set of expectations attached to a particular identity

The same basic processes produce social behavior for both deviants and non-deviants.

Deviants have exclusive claim to knowledge of the subject of deviance.

Scientists have recently identified a specific alcoholism gene that predisposes individuals to heavy drinking.

_____ argued that one should not always agree with a research subject's definition of the situation. Instead, he argued that the researcher should "comprehend and illuminate the subject's view and to interpret the world as it appears to him."

A researcher must balance sensitivity to the deviant's unique perspective with a concern for objectivity.

There are no physical functions or structures, no combination of genes, and no glandular secretions that contain within themselves the power to direct, guide, or determine the type, form, and course of human social behavior.

Rational choice theorists assume that criminals are hedonistic

There is an inherent difference between deviants and non-deviants.

When an individual plays too many roles to fill them adequately, or when role prescriptions are unclear that individual is experiencing:

What do the authors of the text argue for in the study of deviance?

Johnny is unemployed, which means that he cannot be employed. In this situation, being unemployed is a _____ to being employed.

People can easily change previously ascribed roles when they desire.

Sociologists that study deviant behavior use which of the following research methods?