Question 1

Hiring, firing, layoffs, work force reduction, plant closings and corporate restructuring captures the

Accepted Answer

The term "creative destruction and turbulent unpredictability of capitalism" refers to the constant cycle of old industries or jobs being destroyed and new ones being created as part of the capitalist system's evolution. This concept captures the essence of hiring, firing, layoffs, workforce reduction, plant closings, and corporate restructuring, as these are all manifestations of the dynamic changes within capitalist economies.

Question 2

In the U.S. during the Jim Crow era (1880-1967)people legally classified as black chose to pass as white to increase chances of upward mobility. The choice to pass was dependent on the person possessing physical characteristics associated with white. In this sense the choice depended on

Accepted Answer

The choice to pass as white depended on "chance" because it was based on possessing physical characteristics that allowed a person to be perceived as white, which is not something they could control or achieve.

Question 3

Apply functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactional theories of inequalities to the salary you earn and your experiences and of the job.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Apply functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactional theories...

Question 4

American children tend to assume that struggling on assignments is a sign they are not very smart. This cultural tendency illustrates

Accepted Answer

This cultural tendency illustrates "context" because it reflects the influence of cultural beliefs and values on how children interpret their academic struggles.

Question 5

Think about your cultural capital. Give examples of the objectified, embodied and institutionalized cultural capital you possess.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Think about your cultural capital. Give examples...

Question 6

Infants cannot control the country into which they were born or their parents' income and education level. From the infant's point of view, these factors are a matter of

Accepted Answer

These factors are beyond an infant's control and are determined by circumstances that can be considered as a matter of chance.

Question 7

A low income child is struggling in math. He lives in a culture that attributes his failure to lack of intelligence. This backdrop is a matter of

Accepted Answer

The backdrop described is a matter of "context," as it involves the cultural and environmental factors influencing the child's situation and perceptions of his abilities.

Question 8

Ming finds that she is struggling in reading. She and everyone around her tell her that she needs to "practice, practice, practice" and she will succeed. The backdrop to Ming's struggles is a matter of

Accepted Answer

Ming's struggles and the advice she receives are situated within a specific context, which includes her personal experiences, the expectations of those around her, and possibly the educational and cultural environment she is in. This context shapes her understanding of how to address her reading difficulties.

Question 9

What sets ______ apart from the economic systems that preceded it, is the "constant revolutionizing of production. the uninterrupted disturbance of all social condition, and everlasting uncertainty and asitation."

Accepted Answer

This description is a reference to Karl Marx's analysis of capitalism in "The Communist Manifesto," where he discusses how capitalism is characterized by rapid changes in production methods, social conditions, and a state of perpetual uncertainty and upheaval.

Question 10

Which one of the following statements best illustrates how sociologists think about an infant's chances to "succeed" in life?

Accepted Answer

Infants born into high-income households generally have access to more resources, opportunities, and support systems, which can reduce the barriers they face in achieving success, according to sociological perspectives on social stratification and inequality.

Question 11

Jerome has a car and that makes it easier for him to participate in after-school activities. Jerome possesses _____ cultural capital.

Accepted Answer

Objectified cultural capital refers to physical objects and media that have cultural significance and can convey cultural knowledge, such as books, artworks, or in this case, a car, which facilitates participation in cultural or social activities like after-school programs.

Question 12

Xavier is applying for a customer service job. He has a charming personality but the interviewer noticed Xavier has missing teeth. Xavier does not get the job because he lacks __________ cultural capital.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Xavier is applying for a customer service...

Question 13

In the U.S., 34 percent of children age 6 and under live households with monthly income of $72,000. From the child's point of view the situation is a matter of

Accepted Answer

The situation described is a matter of chance from the child's point of view because children do not choose their family or the economic conditions they are born into.

Question 14

In the U.S. during the Jim Crow era (1880-1967)people legally classified as black chose to pass as white to increase chances of upward mobility. The choice to pass was a response to laws of the day that limited mobility based on race. In this sense the choice depended on

Accepted Answer

The choice to pass as white depended on the context of the Jim Crow laws, which imposed racial limitations and discrimination, prompting individuals to pass as white to navigate these societal constraints.

Question 15

Helping a nonsmoker qualifies as __________ cultural capital because smoking is prohibited in most public spaces and some work places give preference to nonsmokers when hiring.

Accepted Answer

Institutionalized cultural capital refers to the formal recognition of cultural competencies and skills through qualifications, certifications, or other formal recognitions. In this context, the preference for nonsmokers in hiring processes and the prohibition of smoking in public spaces can be seen as a form of institutionalized recognition of the cultural practice of not smoking.

Question 16

In 2012 and 2013 Blockbuster Video closed 800 stores, leaving 500 in place of the 9,000 that once existed. Redbox DVD and Netflix offered products that made Blockbuster obsolete. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Creative destruction refers to the process where new innovations lead to the demise of older industries or products. In this case, the rise of Redbox DVD and Netflix, which offered more convenient and innovative ways to access movies, led to the decline of Blockbuster Video, exemplifying creative destruction.

Question 17

Sociologists place great emphasis on external forces that shape chances of social mobility. Which one of the following qualifies as such?

Accepted Answer

Inherited wealth is an external force that significantly influences an individual's social mobility by providing financial resources and opportunities not available to everyone. This contrasts with personal traits or behaviors, such as work ethic, attitude, and the ability to delay gratification, which are considered internal factors.

Question 18

Use at least three concepts covered in textbook to describe upward and downward mobility in your life and across generations in your family.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use at least three concepts covered in...

Question 19

Apply the concepts of chance, choice, and context to your life- especially consider how these three factors have shaped a particular success or failure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Apply the concepts of chance, choice, and...

Question 20

Abe's parents send him to world language camp each summer. Now Abe is fluent in Chinese and can communicate easily with native speakers. Abe possesses ________ capital.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Abe's parents send him to world language...

Quiz 8: Social Inequality: With Emphasis on Social Mobility