Question 1

What is one of the assumptions about diagnosis and intervention for those with intellectual disabilities, as established by the American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD)?

Accepted Answer

The AAIDD emphasizes that with appropriate personalized support, individuals with intellectual disabilities can improve their functioning. This perspective underlines the importance of tailored interventions and ongoing support to enhance the quality of life and capabilities of those with intellectual disabilities.

Question 2

Which statement about the predisposing and etiological factors associated with intellectual disabilities is accurate ?

Accepted Answer

In a significant number of cases of intellectual disabilities, the specific cause remains unidentified, accounting for approximately 80 percent of instances. This highlights the complexity and varied nature of factors that can contribute to intellectual disabilities, many of which are still not fully understood.

Question 3

Joan scores 65 on an IQ test but does not show signs of adaptive problems. Can she be considered intellectually disabled?

Accepted Answer

Intellectual disability is defined not only by low IQ scores (typically below 70) but also by significant limitations in adaptive functioning in conceptual, social, and practical domains. Since Joan does not show signs of adaptive problems, she cannot be considered intellectually disabled based on her IQ score alone.

Question 4

Naomi is a child of poverty. She has inadequate nutrition, housing, and educational opportunities. Naomi has a mild intellectual disability. Her intellectual disability could possibly be considered ____.

Accepted Answer

Naomi's intellectual disability could be considered a result of environmental factors such as socioeconomic disadvantage, as her inadequate nutrition, housing, and educational opportunities can contribute to developmental challenges.

Question 5

What involves the induction of bleeding, bruising or pain by means of intentional self-inflicted injury in order to improve mood or experience respite from painful feelings?

Accepted Answer

Non-suicidal self-injury involves deliberate harm to oneself without suicidal intent, often as a way to cope with emotional pain, intense anger, or frustration.

Question 6

Males with fragile X syndrome are at higher risk of developing ____ than are members of the general population.

Accepted Answer

Males with fragile X syndrome are at higher risk of developing communication difficulties than are members of the general population.

Question 7

What is the most common mental health disorder in childhood and adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety disorders are the most common type of mental health disorders in children and adolescents, affecting their ability to function in daily life.

Question 8

Children with this condition unusually demonstrate facial abnormalities, central nervous system dysfunction, and altered brain development. They also experience difficulty with attention, learning, memory, regulation of emotions, and executive functioning. Their mothers' drinking during pregnancy increases the likelihood of this form of intellectual disability, which is estimated to occur in less than 1% of live births in the United States. What is the condition?

Accepted Answer

The condition described is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which is caused by a mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. It is characterized by facial abnormalities, central nervous system dysfunction, and altered brain development, leading to difficulties with attention, learning, memory, regulation of emotions, and executive functioning.

Question 9

Bud, age 10, was born with short fingers, slanted eyes, and a protruding tongue. He is moderately intellectually disabled. His parents were both in their forties when he was born. He probably has the form of intellectual disability called ____ and he has a high likelihood of developing ____.

Accepted Answer

Bud's symptoms are characteristic of Down syndrome, which is often associated with a higher risk of developing heart problems.

Question 10

Lakisha is 11 and still urinates into her clothes or in her bed. Her father also wet the bed when he was a youth. The prognosis is good that Lakisha's problems will end without treatment. The disorder she best illustrates is ____.

Accepted Answer

Enuresis is the medical term for involuntary urination, especially by children at night (bedwetting), which fits Lakisha's situation. The fact that her father also experienced this suggests a genetic predisposition, and many children outgrow the condition without specific treatment.

Question 11

Matthew is eight years old and defecates inappropriately almost daily. He has a history of constipation that has not been helped with laxatives, high-fiber diets, or other suggested remedies. Matthew would be diagnosed with ____.

Accepted Answer

Encopresis is characterized by the repeated passing of feces into inappropriate places (such as clothing or the floor) by a child who is at least four years old, often associated with constipation and fecal impaction. Matthew's symptoms align with this condition.

Question 12

Dr. Travis says, "People with intellectual disabilities have an IQ below 90 and must be diagnosed before age 18. Prevalence figures for the United States are 2-3%. People with intellectual disabilities have deficiencies in adaptive behavior that are lower than expected based on age or cultural background." What portion of this statement is accurate ?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Travis says, "People with intellectual disabilities...

Question 13

Dr. Branch tells his pregnant patient, "Because you are 38 years old, we are going to do amniocentesis to see whether there is a normal number of chromosomes in your baby." What disorder is Dr. Branch concerned about?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Branch is concerned about Down syndrome, which is associated with an abnormal number of chromosomes (specifically, an extra copy of chromosome 21). Amniocentesis is a procedure used to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities, including Down syndrome, especially in pregnancies considered at higher risk, such as those in older mothers.

Question 14

Jack, Jim, and Justin all have intellectual disabilities. Jack's mother was a chronic alcoholic. Jim's mother beat him on the head repeatedly when he was an infant. Justin was born prematurely and suffered from a lack of oxygen at birth. The cause of intellectual disabilities for all three boys is due to ____.

Accepted Answer

All three boys' intellectual disabilities are due to nongenetic biological factors: Jack's due to fetal alcohol syndrome, Jim's due to physical trauma, and Justin's due to birth complications.

Question 15

Research suggests that the most effective treatment for enuresis is to ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that supportive measures, such as setting up reward systems or using a bedtime urine alarm, are the most effective treatments for enuresis. These methods help the child become more aware of their body's signals and encourage positive behavior change.

Question 16

Etiology of intellectual disabilities (ID) differ depending on the level of intellectual impairment. Mild ID is often ____ and more severe ID is ____.

Accepted Answer

Mild intellectual disabilities are often idiopathic, meaning their cause is unknown, while more severe intellectual disabilities are usually related to identifiable factors such as genetic conditions, brain abnormalities, or brain injuries.

Question 17

Children and adolescents with PTSD experience recurrent, distressing memories of shocking experiences and traumas that include threat of, direct, or indirect experience with ____.

Accepted Answer

Children and adolescents with PTSD experience recurrent, distressing memories of shocking experiences and traumas that include threats of, direct, or indirect experiences with death, serious injury, or sexual violation. This aligns with the diagnostic criteria for PTSD, which emphasizes exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.

Question 18

The parents of a moderately intellectually disabled 24-year-old want their child to live in the best place for learning living skills. Which piece of advice is most reasonable?

Accepted Answer

C is the most reasonable advice because it emphasizes the importance of a program's goals in promoting social interaction and fostering competence, which are crucial for the development of living skills in individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Question 19

Anxiety disorders specific to childhood include ____.

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety disorder and selective mutism are specific anxiety disorders that are particularly prevalent in childhood, characterized by excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or major attachment figures (separation anxiety disorder) and consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in others (selective mutism).

Question 20

Which cause of intellectual disability is 100 percent preventable?

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is 100 percent preventable by avoiding alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Quiz 16: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

What is one of the assumptions about diagnosis and intervention for those with intellectual disabilities, as established by the American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) ?