Question 1

A formal language representation has the disadvantage of extracting the essentials.

Accepted Answer

A formal language representation is designed specifically to extract and represent the essentials of a system or problem, eliminating ambiguity and focusing on key elements.

Question 2

____ is the branch of computer science that explores techniques for incorporating aspects of intelligence into computer systems.

Accepted Answer

Artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science that is concerned with making computers behave like humans, which includes incorporating aspects of intelligence into computer systems.

Question 3

____ is the study of how we as humans think and learn.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes. It examines the nature, the tasks, and the functions of cognition (in a broad sense). Cognitive scientists study intelligence and behavior, with a focus on how nervous systems represent, process, and transform information.

Question 4

Building a machine that can beat a human at chess was viewed as the last of the "easy" hard problems.

Accepted Answer

Building a machine that can beat a human at chess was viewed as the last of the "easy" hard problems, as it was believed that chess was a game of perfect information and that a computer could simply calculate all possible moves and choose the best one.

Question 5

A brute force approach is commonly used for intelligent chess-playing strategy.

Accepted Answer

A brute force approach, which involves evaluating all possible moves and their outcomes, is not practical for intelligent chess-playing due to the immense number of possibilities. Instead, algorithms that incorporate strategic heuristics, machine learning, and other forms of artificial intelligence are commonly used.

Question 6

Computers are better than humans where there seems to be a high level of complexity, approximation, or ambiguity.

Accepted Answer

While computers excel in processing large amounts of data and performing complex calculations with speed and accuracy, humans outperform computers in tasks requiring creativity, emotional understanding, and dealing with ambiguity due to our ability to think abstractly and adapt to novel situations.

Question 7

A neuron is a cell capable of receiving stimuli, in the form of sensory input, from other neurons through its many dendrites.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A neuron is a cell capable of...

Question 8

In some areas of the brain, an individual neuron may collect signals from as many as 100,000 other neurons and send signals to equally large number of other neurons.

Accepted Answer

Neurons in the brain are highly interconnected, and it is possible for a single neuron to receive inputs from and send outputs to tens of thousands of other neurons, especially in areas with dense synaptic connections.

Question 9

The Turing test is used to determine if a machine exhibits behavior indistinguishable from __________.

Accepted Answer

The Turing test is used to determine if a machine's behavior is indistinguishable from that of a human, assessing the machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.

Question 10

Proponents of the reactive strategy of robotics argue that a robot cannot react meaningfully without processing the stimulus and planning a reaction based on its internal representation of the environment. _________________________

Accepted Answer

Proponents of the reactive strategy of robotics argue that robots can react to their environment without needing to form internal representations or plans, relying instead on direct stimulus-response mechanisms.

Question 11

If an output neuron fires when it is not supposed to, then the positive input values coming into it are adjusted upward . _________________________

Accepted Answer

When an output neuron fires when it is not supposed to, the weights of the positive inputs are typically adjusted downward, not upward, to reduce the likelihood of incorrect activation in the future. This adjustment is part of the learning process to minimize errors.

Question 12

Any knowledge representation scheme we select must be relatively easy to extend to include new knowledge.

Accepted Answer

A good knowledge representation scheme should be flexible and scalable, allowing for the easy integration of new information as knowledge evolves or expands.

Question 13

To be considered a robot, it must be in some way humanoid in design.

Accepted Answer

Robots can come in various shapes and sizes, and do not need to be humanoid to be considered robots. They can range from industrial machines to autonomous vehicles, and their design is typically based on their intended function rather than a human-like appearance.

Question 14

In a neural network, both the knowledge representation and also the "programming" are stored in the network itself as the weights of the connections and the thresholds of the neurons.

Accepted Answer

In a neural network, the knowledge is represented by the weights of the connections between neurons, and the "programming" or the way the network processes inputs to produce outputs is determined by these weights along with the thresholds of the neurons. This means both the knowledge and the processing logic are embedded within the network's structure.

Question 15

The term ____ means the language of formal logic.

Accepted Answer

The term "formal language" refers to the language of formal logic, which is a structured way of presenting arguments and reasoning in a precise and unambiguous manner.

Question 16

Cause and effect relationships are translated into "for every" statements. _________________________

Accepted Answer

Cause and effect relationships are typically translated into "if...then..." statements, not "for every" statements, which are more commonly used in mathematical contexts or to describe proportional or direct relationships.

Question 17

The human brain uses a ____ architecture, characterized by a large number of simple "processors" with multiple interconnections.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The human brain uses a ____ architecture,...

Question 18

Forward chaining begins with assertions and tries to match those assertions to the "if" clauses of rules, thereby generating new assertions. _________________________

Accepted Answer

Forward chaining starts with known facts or assertions and applies inference rules to extract more data until a goal is reached, matching these initial assertions to the conditions (or "if" clauses) of rules to generate new assertions.

Question 19

Computational tasks are tasks for which accurate answers need not be found. _________________________

Accepted Answer

Computational tasks typically require finding accurate answers, as they involve mathematical calculations, data processing, or algorithmic operations where precision is crucial.

Question 20

Complex recognition tasks are easy for computers to perform.

Accepted Answer

Complex recognition tasks, such as identifying objects in images, understanding spoken language, or interpreting complex patterns, are challenging for computers because they require advanced algorithms, significant computational power, and often large datasets for machine learning models to achieve accuracy comparable to human perception.

Quiz 15: Artificial Intelligence