Question 1

Kendra has a sleep disorder in which she suddenly falls into "sleep attacks" during the daytime. What is the name of Kendra's disorder?

Accepted Answer

Kendra's symptoms of suddenly falling into "sleep attacks" during the daytime are characteristic of narcolepsy, a chronic sleep disorder that affects the brain's ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles.

Question 2

According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming, random electrical activity in the ________ is interpreted by the ________ to create a story line.

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming suggests that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural signals that fire during sleep. According to this theory, the random electrical activity originates in the brain stem, and the cerebral cortex then interprets this activity, creating a story line or dream.

Question 3

Regarding sleep patterns across the life cycle, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Most high school students do not get the recommended amount of sleep for adolescents, contrary to the statement in option C. Research and surveys consistently show that a significant portion of high school students report getting less sleep than the recommended 8-10 hours per night for teenagers.

Question 4

What is the most common sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder, affecting a significant portion of the population at some point in their lives. It involves difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting restorative sleep.

Question 5

Your psychology professor argues that dreams represent an attempt by the cerebral cortex to make sense of the random discharges of electrical activity that occur during REM sleep. What perspective best describes your professor's comments?

Accepted Answer

The activation-synthesis hypothesis suggests that dreams are the result of the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during REM sleep. This theory posits that the cerebral cortex synthesizes a narrative from this random activity, leading to the experience of dreaming.

Question 6

Some nights Chang has problems falling asleep. Other nights, he wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty returning to sleep. Chang likely suffers from which sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both, which matches Chang's symptoms. The other options describe different sleep disorders that do not match his symptoms.

Question 7

Who suggested that dreams help us sort through possible solutions to everyday problems and concerns?

Accepted Answer

Ernest Hartmann proposed that dreams help us sort through possible solutions to everyday problems and concerns, emphasizing their role in emotional adaptation and problem-solving.

Question 8

Winston is an eight-year-old child who has recently started having sleep problems. He frequently wakes at night, sitting up in his bed and screaming loudly. His mother reports that he seems dazed, or "out of it," and can rarely remember more than one or two fragmentary dream images that don't seem to make sense. Winston probably is suffering from _____.

Accepted Answer

Winston's symptoms align with sleep terror disorder, characterized by episodes of screaming, intense fear, and flailing while still asleep, often with little to no memory of the event upon waking.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is characterized by temporary cessation of breathing during sleep, which can lead to numerous health issues if left untreated.

Question 10

From a Freudian perspective, the purpose of dreams is to

Accepted Answer

From a Freudian perspective, dreams serve as a form of wish fulfillment. Sigmund Freud theorized that dreams are a manifestation of our deepest desires and unfulfilled wishes, often stemming from our unconscious mind.

Question 11

The protective function of sleep refers to the role of sleep in

Accepted Answer

The protective function of sleep suggests that sleep evolved to keep animals safe from predators during vulnerable periods, such as nighttime.

Question 12

Mr. Grammarcy has been having trouble sleeping at night, and his lack of sleep is beginning to interfere with his ability to function properly during the day. He's concerned that he may lose his job in the next round of lay-offs at his company. He is also having marital problems. He tends to lay awake at night, worrying about these problems and thinking about what he can do to resolve these issues. Based on the discussion in the text, Mr. Grammarcy should understand that _____.

Accepted Answer

Worrying increases bodily arousal, making it harder to fall asleep because the body is in a heightened state of alertness, which is counterproductive to the relaxation needed for sleep.

Question 13

In Freudian theory, the actual events that occur in a dream are referred to as its ______ content, while the underlying meaning of a dream is its ______ content.

Accepted Answer

In Freudian theory, the actual events that occur in a dream are referred to as its manifest content, while the underlying, hidden meaning of a dream is its latent content.

Question 14

Which statement best describes effective treatment of sleep disorders?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral techniques have been shown to be as effective as sleep medication in the short term for treating insomnia and more effective in the long term, making them a preferred treatment approach for sustainable outcomes.

Question 15

All but which of the following are reasons that investigators have described for the functions of sleep?

Accepted Answer

Sleep functions include protection and survival, energy conservation, consolidation of newly formed memories, and restoration of bodily processes. The enhancement of the ability to alter consciousness is not commonly cited as a function of sleep in scientific literature.

Question 16

Scientists believe that narcolepsy is caused by

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is believed to be caused by a loss of brain cells in the hypothalamus that produce hypocretin, a chemical important for regulating wakefulness and REM sleep.

Question 17

Regarding sleep deprivation, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Loss of sleep impairs reaction times, making it a true statement about the effects of sleep deprivation.

Question 18

The textbook describes each of the following functions of sleep EXCEPT for

Accepted Answer

Sleep is not directly involved in encoding, which is the process of taking in new information. Encoding happens primarily during wakefulness, while sleep is more involved in consolidating memories, restoring the body, protecting the organism, and conserving energy.

Question 19

On many nights, Matilda claims to be able to decide in advance what she will dream about, as well as to be able to control her dreams as they occur. The term _____ is used to describe Matilda's dreams.

Accepted Answer

Lucid dreaming is the term used to describe the phenomenon where a person is aware that they are dreaming and may be able to exert some level of control over their dreams, their characters, narratives, and environment. This matches Matilda's claim of being able to decide in advance what she will dream about and control her dreams as they occur.

Question 20

Regarding sleep deprivation, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

People can actually rebound from REM deprivation by spending more time in REM sleep in subsequent nights, a phenomenon known as REM rebound. This helps the body compensate for the lost REM sleep.

Quiz 4: Consciousness