Question 1

Pain receptors are located in all but which of the following?
A)muscles
B)ligaments
C)joints
D)tooth enamel
E)skin

Accepted Answer

Tooth enamel does not contain pain receptors. Pain in teeth is sensed by the pulp, which lies underneath the enamel and contains nerve fibers.

Question 2

When you are presented with the following visual information, "A," your brain sees a series of lines and angles in a particular format and interprets this visual information as the letter "A." This is an example of which concept from perception?
A)perceptual set
B)bottom-up processing
C)top-down processing
D)selective attention
E)habituation

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up processing involves interpreting sensory information starting from the smallest pieces of sensory data, such as lines and angles, to build up to a complete perception, like recognizing the letter "A."

Question 3

Regarding acupuncture, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Traditional Chinese beliefs suggest that acupuncture releases the body's natural healing energy.
B)Scientific evidence has ruled out that acupuncture is merely a placebo effect.
C)Some studies have demonstrated that acupuncture can be effective in reducing chronic lower back pain.
D)Acupuncture may work through the release of neurotransmitters with pain-killing effects, caused by the stimulation of acupuncture points.
E)Acupuncture involves the insertion and rotation of thin needles at certain points on the body.

Accepted Answer

Scientific evidence has not conclusively ruled out the placebo effect in acupuncture's efficacy. While some studies suggest acupuncture has benefits beyond placebo, the debate continues, and it has not been definitively proven that the effects of acupuncture are not due to placebo.

Question 4

When you perceive something, what is the first step you take?
A)sensing
B)learning
C)memorizing
D)attending
E)motivating

Accepted Answer

Attending is the first step in perception, as it involves focusing on a particular stimulus and directing attention towards it.

Question 5

Sensations of hotness result from
A)stimulation of hot receptors.
B)stimulation of warm receptors.
C)stimulation of cold receptors.
D)simultaneous stimulation of warm and cold receptors.
E)stimulation of pain receptors.

Accepted Answer

Sensations of hotness can result from the paradoxical effect when both warm and cold receptors are simultaneously stimulated, leading to the perception of heat.

Question 6

When Clara interacts with her sister, Shirley, Clara's interpretations of Shirley's behavior and comments are influenced by preconceptions and expectations from their previous experiences. Which term describes this dynamic?
A)perceptual set
B)selective attention
C)divided attention
D)perceptual constancy
E)habituation

Accepted Answer

Perceptual set refers to a tendency to perceive or notice some aspects of the available sensory data and ignore others, influenced by expectations, context, emotions, and other factors. In this scenario, Clara's interpretations of Shirley's behavior are shaped by her preconceptions and expectations, which is a classic example of how a perceptual set works.

Question 7

Compared to fibers that carry signals about temperature and touch, pain fibers associated with dull or throbbing pain are
A)thinner and faster.
B)thicker and faster.
C)thinner and slower.
D)thicker and slower.
E)small and reach the brain faster.

Accepted Answer

Pain fibers associated with dull or throbbing pain are generally thinner and slower compared to fibers that carry signals about temperature and touch. This is because these pain fibers, known as C fibers, are unmyelinated, which slows down signal transmission.

Question 8

Regarding perception, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Perception represents the brain's attempt to make sense of the information coming in through the senses.
B)Perception is a reactive process.
C)Perceptions always accurately reflect external reality.
D)The area of perception that has captured the most research attention is auditory perception.
E)Attention is the second step in perception.

Accepted Answer

Perception involves the brain interpreting sensory information to understand the environment, making sense of the input from the senses.

Question 9

Austin experiences motion sickness on his first cruise vacation. From which two senses has Austin received conflicting information?
A)kinesthesis and visual
B)kinesthesis and olfactory
C)vestibular and visual
D)vestibular and olfactory
E)audition and olfactory

Accepted Answer

Motion sickness often occurs when there is a discrepancy between the visual input and the vestibular system's sense of balance and spatial orientation.

Question 10

Regarding perceptual processing, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)The human brain is more efficient than computer systems at facial recognition.
B)Facial recognition is an example of bottom-up processing.
C)Top-down processing helps explain why humans can recognize handwriting of all different styles.
D)Top-down processing is based on acquired experience and knowledge with patterns.
E)Both top-down and bottom-up processing are ways the brain recognized meaningful patterns.

Accepted Answer

Facial recognition is primarily an example of top-down processing, where the brain uses previous knowledge and context to understand and recognize faces. Bottom-up processing refers to the analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.

Question 11

Regarding attention, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Motivational states influence attention.
B)Repeated exposure to a changing stimulus leads to habituation.
C)Habituation to certain stimuli is quite common and makes evolutionary sense.
D)Newborn infants pay more attention to their mothers' voices than to the voices of other women.
E)Humans pay more attention to stimuli that are meaningful or emotionally significant than those that are not.

Accepted Answer

Habituation occurs when there is repeated exposure to the same stimulus, not a changing one. Habituation means decreasing responsiveness with repeated exposure to an identical stimulus.

Question 12

Receptors for kinesthesis are located in
A)joints, ligaments, tendons, skin and muscles.
B)the skin and hair.
C)the inner and middle ear.
D)the eyes.
E)the mouth and nose.

Accepted Answer

Kinesthesis, also known as proprioception, involves the perception of body movements and position. The receptors for kinesthesis are located in the joints, ligaments, tendons, skin, and muscles, where they can detect changes in muscle tension and joint activity, providing the brain with information about body position and movement.

Question 13

The vestibular sensory system includes
A)the semicircular canals only.
B)the vestibular sacs only.
C)the olfactory receptors only.
D)both the semicircular canals and the vestibular sacs.
E)both the olfactory receptors and the vestibular sacs.

Accepted Answer

The vestibular sensory system, responsible for providing our brain with information about motion, head position, and spatial orientation, includes both the semicircular canals and the vestibular sacs. These structures work together to help maintain balance and equilibrium.

Question 14

The process by which the brain interprets stimuli and turns them into meaningful representations of the external world is
A)sensation.
B)perception.
C)attention.
D)memory.
E)psychokinesis.

Accepted Answer

Perception is the cognitive process that enables us to interpret and make sense of the sensory information we receive from our environment, turning it into meaningful experiences of the world around us.

Question 15

In a research experiment, participants are shown a series of drawings before seeing an ambiguous picture that could be perceived as a rat or a man. Group 1 sees drawings of animals, while Group 2 sees drawings of humans. Perceptual set suggests which of the following results when participants are shown the ambiguous picture?
A)Both groups will report seeing a man.
B)Both groups will report seeing a rat.
C)Group 1 will report seeing a rat, while Group 2 will report seeing a man.
D)Group 1 will report seeing a man, while Group 2 will report seeing a rat.
E)Neither group will see a rat or a man, since the picture is ambiguous.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual set theory suggests that what we expect to see influences our perception. Therefore, Group 1, having been primed with images of animals, is more likely to see a rat, and Group 2, having been primed with images of humans, is more likely to see a man in the ambiguous picture.

Question 16

Limiting attention to certain stimuli and filtering out other stimuli is called
A)sensation.
B)perception.
C)selective attention.
D)perceptual set.
E)habituation.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention refers to the process of focusing on a particular object in the environment for a certain period of time while simultaneously ignoring irrelevant information that is also occurring. This allows individuals to attend to what is most important or relevant in their environment, filtering out less significant details.

Question 17

Which of the following describes the Gestalt law of connectedness?
A)A series of stimuli will be perceived as representing a unified form.
B)Objects near each other will be perceived as belonging to a common set.
C)Humans tend to piece together disconnected bits of information to perceive whole forms.
D)Objects positioned together or moving together will be perceived as belonging to the same group.
E)Objects that are similar will be perceived as belonging to the same group.

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt law of connectedness states that elements that are positioned together or move together are perceived as more related than elements that are isolated or move independently. This principle explains how we group elements based on their spatial or temporal proximity, aiding in our perception of them as part of a cohesive whole.

Question 18

In terms of where visual processing begins, ______ processing is to parts as _____ processing is to whole.
A)bottom-up; top-down
B)bottom-down; top-up
C)top-down; bottom-up
D)top-up; bottom-down
E)up-down; bottom-top

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up processing starts with the individual parts of a visual stimulus and works up to the perception of the whole, while top-down processing begins with the whole, or an expectation of the whole, and works down to the parts.

Question 19

Which sense monitors the position of your body in space and helps maintain balance?
A)vestibular
B)kinesthesis
C)gustation
D)audition
E)olfaction

Accepted Answer

The vestibular sense is responsible for monitoring the position of the body in space and maintaining balance.

Question 20

Mercedes just stubbed her toe on the edge of her bedpost. In response, her brain will most likely signal the release of
A)dopamine.
B)pheromones.
C)endorphins.
D)norepinephrine.
E)serotonin.

Accepted Answer

Endorphins are released in response to pain or stress and help to alleviate pain and promote a sense of well-being.

Quiz 3: Sensation and Perception

Pain receptors are located in all but which of the following?

When you are presented with the following visual information, "A," your brain sees a series of lines and angles in a particular format and interprets this visual information as the letter "A." This is an example of which concept from perception?

Regarding acupuncture, which of the following statements is FALSE?

When you perceive something, what is the first step you take?

Sensations of hotness result from

When Clara interacts with her sister, Shirley, Clara's interpretations of Shirley's behavior and comments are influenced by preconceptions and expectations from their previous experiences. Which term describes this dynamic?

Compared to fibers that carry signals about temperature and touch, pain fibers associated with dull or throbbing pain are

Regarding perception, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Austin experiences motion sickness on his first cruise vacation. From which two senses has Austin received conflicting information?

Regarding perceptual processing, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding attention, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Receptors for kinesthesis are located in

The vestibular sensory system includes

The process by which the brain interprets stimuli and turns them into meaningful representations of the external world is

Limiting attention to certain stimuli and filtering out other stimuli is called

Which of the following describes the Gestalt law of connectedness?

In terms of where visual processing begins, __ processing is to parts as _ processing is to whole.

Which sense monitors the position of your body in space and helps maintain balance?

Mercedes just stubbed her toe on the edge of her bedpost. In response, her brain will most likely signal the release of