Question 1

This philosophy of punishment in which the primary function of imprisonment and execution is seen as preventing an individual from committing additional crimes is known as:

Accepted Answer

Incapacitation focuses on removing the ability of the offender to commit further offenses, typically through imprisonment or other means of physical restraint.

Question 2

The goal of restoring a convicted offender to a constructive place in society is called:

Accepted Answer

Rehabilitation focuses on helping the offender to reintegrate into society in a positive manner, often through education, therapy, and training, aiming to reduce the likelihood of future offenses.

Question 3

When a sentence has a fixed term of imprisonment at a specific period, it is referred to as _____ sentencing.

Accepted Answer

Determinate sentencing involves a fixed term of imprisonment with a specific period set by the court.

Question 4

Punishment inflicted on a person who has infringed on the rights of others and therefore deserves to be penalized is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

Retribution is the concept of punishment that is based on the premise that offenders deserve to be punished for their actions. It is not primarily concerned with deterring future crimes or rehabilitating the offender, but rather with ensuring that justice is served by giving the offender a punishment that is proportionate to the crime committed.

Question 5

The philosophy which assumes that the general public will not commit a crime because they observe the punishment of others is called:

Accepted Answer

General deterrence is based on the idea that the public will avoid criminal behavior when they see or are aware of the punishment given to others for those crimes. It aims to deter the general population from committing crimes by setting examples through the punishment of individuals.

Question 6

A reduction in a prisoner's sentence as a reward for participation in educational or other rehabilitation programs is called:

Accepted Answer

Earned time refers to the reduction in a prisoner's sentence as a reward for participation in educational or other rehabilitation programs, distinguishing it from good time, which is typically awarded for good behavior.

Question 7

Indeterminate sentences are most closely associated with which of the following philosophies of punishment?

Accepted Answer

Indeterminate sentences are most closely associated with the philosophy of rehabilitation. This approach allows for the adjustment of an offender's sentence based on their behavior and progress towards rehabilitation, rather than setting a fixed period of incarceration.

Question 8

When offenders who commit a specific crime are required to serve a minimum period of incarceration before release, it is known as _____ sentencing.

Accepted Answer

Mandatory sentencing requires offenders to serve a predefined term for certain crimes, commonly serious and violent offenses. It removes discretion from judges in terms of sentencing.

Question 9

This approach to punishment was widely accepted as a goal from the 1940s to the 1970s.

Accepted Answer

Rehabilitation was the primary goal of punishment widely accepted from the 1940s to the 1970s, focusing on reforming the offender to prevent future offenses.

Question 10

A reduction in an inmate's prison sentence for good behavior, which helps to maintain order in the correctional facility, is called:

Accepted Answer

Good time is a reduction in an inmate's prison sentence as a reward for good behavior, which is used as a tool to encourage compliance and maintain order within correctional facilities.

Question 11

Less than thirty percent of people under correctional care are represented in this most visible penalty.

Accepted Answer

Incarceration is the most visible penalty, yet less than thirty percent of people under correctional care are in prison or jail; the majority are on probation or parole.

Question 12

The main focus of r ehabilitation is the:

Accepted Answer

The main focus of rehabilitation is the offender, aiming to help them reintegrate into society and reduce the likelihood of reoffending by addressing the underlying issues that led to their criminal behavior.

Question 13

Punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim and community by an offender's criminal act is called:

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior to the victim and the community, rather than simply punishing the offender. This approach aims to address the needs of the victims, the community, and the offenders themselves in order to heal the damage caused by the crime.

Question 14

This perspective on punishment r equires a three-way approach that involves the offender, the victim, and the community.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on the harm caused by criminal behavior and seeks to repair it by involving the offender, the victim, and the community in the resolution process. This approach aims to address the needs of all parties and reintegrate the offender into society.

Question 15

Punishment designed to affect the future choice and behavior of individuals and targeted at individuals who have already been convicted is called:

Accepted Answer

Specific deterrence aims to prevent an offender from committing future crimes by imposing a penalty on them, thereby affecting their future choices and behavior.

Question 16

This philosophy of punishment seeks to target "career criminals" by locking them up for a lengthier timeframe than that of a first-time offender.

Accepted Answer

Selective incapacitation focuses on identifying and incarcerating individuals who are considered to be high-risk or "career criminals" for longer periods, with the aim of reducing crime by incapacitating those most likely to commit it.

Question 17

Which is not one of the goals of punishment?

Accepted Answer

Reeducation is not traditionally listed among the primary goals of punishment in the criminal justice system. The main goals typically include specific deterrence, rehabilitation, retribution, and general deterrence.

Question 18

_____ sentencing is  a type of sentence for which the legislature or a commission sets a minimum and maximum range of months or years. Judges are to fix the length of the sentence within that range, allowing for special circumstances.

Accepted Answer

Presumptive sentencing involves a sentencing framework where the legislature or a commission sets minimum and maximum ranges for sentences, allowing judges to adjust within those limits based on the circumstances of the case.

Question 19

Which of the following situations is an example of restorative justice?

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community at large. Option E, where a juvenile meets with the victim to discuss the offense, exemplifies this approach by promoting dialogue and understanding between the offender and the victim.

Question 20

Use of the death penalty is best described by which philosophy of punishment?

Accepted Answer

The death penalty is best described by the philosophy of retribution, which is based on the idea of giving a punishment that is proportionate to the crime committed, often summarized by the concept of "an eye for an eye."

Quiz 9: Punishment and Sentencing