Question 1

Cause is to effect as _____ variable is to _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

In research and experiments, the independent variable is the cause or the variable that is manipulated by the researcher, and the dependent variable is the effect or the outcome that is measured.

Question 2

Suppose you are experimenting with the effects of sleep deprivation on memory. In this case, sleep deprivation is a(n):

Accepted Answer

In an experiment, the independent variable is the factor that is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable. In this case, sleep deprivation is the factor being manipulated to study its effects on memory, making it the independent variable.

Question 3

Every time Randy watches a horror movie, he has a nightmare that same evening. If he never has a nightmare except when he watches a horror movie, it would indicate a(n) _____ between watching horror movies and having nightmares.

Accepted Answer

This indicates a functional relationship because Randy's nightmares are directly linked to watching horror movies, suggesting a cause-and-effect connection where the action of watching horror movies functions to produce nightmares.

Question 4

In an experiment concerning the effect of food deprivation on activity level, food deprivation is the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

In an experiment, the independent variable is the one that is manipulated or changed by the researcher to observe its effects on the dependent variable. In this case, food deprivation is the variable being manipulated to see its effect on activity level, making it the independent variable.

Question 5

If a certain diet affects the extent to which one is likely to acquire a certain disease, then there is a(n) _____ relationship between the diet and the disease.

Accepted Answer

A functional relationship implies that changes in one variable (diet) directly affect changes in another variable (disease), which is the case described in the question.

Question 6

Temperature, height, and hair color are all

Accepted Answer

Temperature, height, and hair color are all examples of variables because they are characteristics or properties that can vary among individuals or over time.

Question 7

A flashing light, a loud bang, and a bad smell are all

Accepted Answer

A flashing light, a loud bang, and a bad smell are all examples of stimuli because they are external events or occurrences that can elicit a response from an organism or a sensory system.

Question 8

The _____ variable is the factor that varies across the different conditions in an experiment.

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the factor that the researcher manipulates or changes to observe its effects on the dependent variable, making it the variable that varies across different conditions in an experiment.

Question 9

The relationship between changes in an independent variable and changes in a dependent variable is known as a(n) _____ relationship.

Accepted Answer

A functional relationship describes how changes in an independent variable affect changes in a dependent variable, illustrating how the two variables are related in terms of function.

Question 10

In the experiment with the rats and the goal box, the _____ is the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

In this experiment, the food acts as the independent variable because it is the factor that is manipulated by the experimenter to observe its effect on the rats' behavior, which is typically measured by their level of activity or their interaction with the goal box.

Question 11

The outcome or effect in an experiment is the _____variable.

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the outcome or effect that researchers are studying, as it depends on the independent variable.

Question 12

The sound of a door slam causes your cat to jump off the couch. The sound of the door slamming is a(n)

Accepted Answer

The sound of the door slamming acts as a stimulus, which is an event or occurrence that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue. In this case, the stimulus (door slamming) causes the cat to react by jumping off the couch.

Question 13

Mosquito repellents that contain the chemical agent DEET are significantly more effective than those that do not contain DEET. In other words, there is a _____ relationship between the presence of DEET and the number of mosquito bites.

Accepted Answer

The correct term is "functional," which means that there is a specific function or effect (in this case, the effectiveness of mosquito repellents) directly related to the presence of DEET. This implies a cause-and-effect relationship where the presence of DEET decreases the number of mosquito bites.

Question 14

A cause-and-effect relationship could also be called a(n) _____ relationship.

Accepted Answer

A cause-and-effect relationship is often referred to as a functional relationship because it describes how one variable (the cause) affects another variable (the effect).

Question 15

A stimulus is any event that can

Accepted Answer

A stimulus is any event or situation that can potentially influence behavior by eliciting a response from an organism.

Question 16

In the experiment with the rats and the goal box, the _____ is the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable in an experiment is the variable that is being measured or tested, and in the case of the rats and the goal box experiment, the level of activity of the rats is what is being observed or measured in response to the presence of the goal box or food.

Question 17

A(n) _____ is any characteristic of a person, place, or thing that can change over time or across situations.

Accepted Answer

A variable is any characteristic of a person, place, or thing that can change over time or across situations, fitting the definition provided.

Question 18

The _____ variable is the outcome that is measured in an experiment.

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable is the outcome that is measured in an experiment to see if it is affected by changes in the independent variable.

Question 19

In the experiment with the rats and the goal box, the number of food pellets given when the rats reach the goal box is the

Accepted Answer

In an experiment, the independent variable is the factor that the researcher manipulates to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this case, the number of food pellets given to the rats when they reach the goal box is the independent variable because it is being manipulated to see its effect on the rats' behavior, which would be the dependent variable.

Question 20

In an experiment concerning the effect of food deprivation on activity level, activity level is the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

In an experiment, the dependent variable is the outcome that is measured to see if it is affected by the independent variable. In this case, the activity level is being measured to see how it is affected by food deprivation, making it the dependent variable.

Quiz 2: Research Methods

Cause is to effect as _ variable is to _ variable.

Suppose you are experimenting with the effects of sleep deprivation on memory. In this case, sleep deprivation is a(n) :