Question 1

According to the first substage of the sensorimotor stage, reflexes at birth tend to be _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the first substage of the...

Question 2

Latifa knows that kittens are animals. Her mother tells her that puppies are also animals. Latifa then modifies her existing scheme of animals to include puppies. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Accommodation involves modifying existing cognitive schemas to include new information, as Latifa did by including puppies in her understanding of animals.

Question 3

Which of the following substages of the sensorimotor stage serves as a transition between sensorimotor development and the development of symbolic thought?

Accepted Answer

The sixth substage of the sensorimotor stage, known as the beginning of symbolic thought, marks the transition between sensorimotor development and the development of symbolic thought. This stage allows children to start using symbols and mental representations of the world.

Question 4

The development of object permanence is tied into the development of infants' _____.

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. This development is closely tied to the development of an infant's reasoning ability, as it involves the cognitive realization that objects have a consistent existence.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a simple reflex?

Accepted Answer

Turning toward the source of a noise is an example of a simple reflex, as it is an automatic response to a sensory stimulus.

Question 6

Emma is a seven-month-old infant. She repeatedly shakes her rattle because she likes the noise it makes. This is an example of a _____.

Accepted Answer

Secondary circular reactions, occurring roughly between the ages of 4 and 8 months, involve repetitive actions that are focused on external objects and produce desirable outcomes, such as shaking a rattle to hear the sound it makes.

Question 7

Lauren learns what a fish looks like from a book. Her mother buys her a goldfish which she keeps in a fishbowl. She then learns that fish swim in water. Lauren tries to incorporate this new event into her scheme of fish. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Lauren is incorporating new information (fish swim in water) into her existing schema (what a fish is) without changing the original schema. This process is known as assimilation, where new experiences are integrated into existing cognitive structures.

Question 8

Benjamin is a two-month-old baby who accidentally discovers his thumbs. He waves them around for a while and then sticks one of them in his mouth. He repeats this for a few times. Benjamin's behavior is an example of________.

Accepted Answer

Benjamin's behavior is an example of a primary circular reaction, which occurs in the sensorimotor stage of development (from birth to about 2 years old). This stage involves simple motor habits centered around the infant's own body; in this case, discovering and sucking his thumb.

Question 9

According to Piaget, children's cognitive processes:

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children's cognitive processes develop in an orderly sequence of stages, starting from the sensorimotor stage (birth to about 2 years), through the preoperational stage (2 to 7 years), the concrete operational stage (7 to 11 years), and finally to the formal operational stage (from about 12 years onwards). This progression underscores the systematic and sequential nature of cognitive development according to Piaget.

Question 10

Which substage of the sensorimotor stage lasts from eight to twelve months of age?

Accepted Answer

The fourth substage of the sensorimotor stage, according to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, lasts from eight to twelve months of age. This period is characterized by improved coordination between vision and touch, as well as better hand-eye coordination.

Question 11

Which of the following are witnessed during the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary circular reactions are characteristic of the sensorimotor stage, which is the first stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. This stage occurs from birth to approximately 2 years of age, and tertiary circular reactions, which emerge around 12-18 months, involve the infant experimenting with new behaviors to see the outcomes.

Question 12

Which of the following is an accurate statement about object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or otherwise sensed. This concept is a fundamental aspect of cognitive development in infants and young children, typically developing around the age of 8 to 12 months. Choices B and C describe aspects of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development related to assimilation and accommodation, respectively, while choice D refers to the concept of deferred imitation.

Question 13

Chanel is a six-month-old baby. Her mother shows her a teddy bear and she giggles. However, when her mother hides the teddy bear behind her back, Chanel makes no attempt to search for it. From the given information, it can be concluded that Chanel has not yet developed_____.

Accepted Answer

Chanel's lack of attempt to search for the teddy bear when it is hidden indicates she has not yet developed object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.

Question 14

Which of the following questions is the primary focus of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive development focuses on how children think, explore, and figure out things about the world around them, which includes how they perceive and mentally represent their environment.

Question 15

Which substage of the sensorimotor stage lasts from twelve to eighteen months of age?

Accepted Answer

The fifth substage of the sensorimotor stage, known as "tertiary circular reactions," lasts from twelve to eighteen months of age.

Question 16

Which of the following represents a primary circular reaction?

Accepted Answer

Primary circular reactions are repetitive actions that focus on the infant's own body, often discovered by accident and then repeated for pleasure. Kala's action of accidentally touching her nose and then repeating it fits this description.

Question 17

Paul is a six-month-old infant. He has a toy that makes a sound when pressed. He repeatedly presses the toy to hear the sound. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Paul's behavior is an example of a secondary circular reaction, which occurs in the sensorimotor stage of development (typically between 4 and 8 months of age) when infants repeat actions that involve external objects and produce pleasurable or interesting results.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a tertiary circular reaction?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary circular reactions, a concept from Piaget's theory of cognitive development, involve purposeful adaptation of established schemes to new situations. Megan's behavior of adapting her strategy to pull the toy into her crib after discovering it works is an example of this.

Question 19

In which of the following substages of the sensorimotor stage does an infant begin to show intentional, goal-directed behavior?

Accepted Answer

In the fourth substage of the sensorimotor stage, which occurs approximately between 8 and 12 months of age, infants begin to demonstrate intentional, goal-directed behavior. This is when they start to understand how to achieve a goal through their actions, such as pushing a button to get a toy to make a sound.

Question 20

Which of the following is a difference between primary and secondary circular reactions?

Accepted Answer

Primary circular reactions are centered around the infant's own body and the repetition of actions that are pleasurable or interesting, such as sucking their thumb. Secondary circular reactions, on the other hand, extend this concept to the external environment, where the infant repeats actions that have an effect on the environment, like shaking a rattle to hear the sound it makes.

Quiz 5: Infancy: Cognitive Development