Question 1

Which of the following statements provides the best example of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when an individual's or group's behavior is influenced by others' expectations, leading those expectations to come true. In choice C, the interviewers' expectations that minority candidates are unprepared lead to poorer performance by those candidates, exemplifying a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 2

Explain Gilbert and Malone's two-step process of making attributions, and identify when in this process the fundamental attribution error occurs.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Vernell is being interviewed for a job. The interviewer suspects that Vernell is incompetent. The interviewer doesn't expect much from Vernell and sits far away from her during the interview. He interrupts her frequently, and seems distracted when she speaks. As a result, Vernell becomes nervous, starts to stutter, and loses her train of thought several times. The interviewer's final impression is that Vernell is, as he suspected, incompetent. This impression is most likely the result of

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, where the interviewer's initial negative expectation of Vernell's performance influences his behavior towards her in a way that causes Vernell to perform poorly, thereby confirming the interviewer's original expectation.

Question 4

The research of Lee Jussim (2012) suggests that teachers' impressions of their students are

Accepted Answer

Lee Jussim's research suggests that teachers' impressions of their students are generally accurate and can predict student performance without necessarily influencing it. This challenges the common belief that teacher expectations always shape student outcomes.

Question 5

Explain self-fulfilling prophecy. What are the ways to break the cycle of negative self-fulfilling prophecies?

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

Rosenthal and Jacobson's (1968) study, Pygmalion in the Classroom , found that

Accepted Answer

Rosenthal and Jacobson's study demonstrated that positive teacher expectations could indeed influence student performance positively, illustrating the self-fulfilling prophecy within educational settings.

Question 7

On what cues should social perceivers focus in order to try to detect if someone is trying to deceive others? Conversely, on what cues do social perceivers typically focus, and why are these cues less revealing?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

What are the "primary emotions" and how are they perceived in different cultures around the planet?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Explain the information integration theory of impression formation, and describe at least two potential ways in which humans deviate from its proposed arithmetic.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

What is the second step of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

Accepted Answer

The second step of the self-fulfilling prophecy involves the perceiver's expectations affecting their behavior toward the target person, which then influences the target person to behave in ways that confirm the perceiver's initial expectations.

Question 11

Cosmo is convinced that his accountant is addicted to drugs. To determine whether he is correct, Cosmo asks his friends if the accountant sniffs a lot, uses slang when he speaks, or frequently excuses himself to use the men's room-three behaviors Cosmo believes are characteristic of those with drug addictions. Cosmo's methods illustrate

Accepted Answer

Cosmo is engaging in confirmatory hypothesis testing by specifically looking for evidence that supports his pre-existing belief or hypothesis about his accountant's drug use, rather than seeking out information that could disprove it.

Question 12

How are adults with baby-faced facial features perceived and treated differently than adults with mature facial features? What are two explanations for these effects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are adults with baby-faced facial features...

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes our current state of knowledge regarding social perception?

Accepted Answer

People's perceptions and biases can influence their impressions, but they do not always lead to inaccuracies. People can still form accurate impressions despite biases.

Question 14

Darley and Gross (1983) conducted a study in which they asked participants to evaluate the intellectual ability of a nine-year-old named "Hannah." Some participants were led to believe that she came from a high socioeconomic (SES) background; others were led to believe she came from a low SES background. Which of the following statements about this study is accurate?

Accepted Answer

The study by Darley and Gross demonstrated that perceivers' expectations influenced their perceptions of Hannah's academic ability, even though her performance was the same in all conditions. This highlights how stereotypes or preconceived notions can affect judgment.

Question 15

A baseball manager who clings to old and ineffective strategies, a lawyer who selects juries according to false stereotypes, and a political leader who does not withdraw support for a failing program are all exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek out information that confirms one's existing beliefs and to ignore or discount information that contradicts them. In the given examples, the baseball manager, lawyer, and political leader are all exhibiting confirmation bias by clinging to old and ineffective strategies, selecting juries according to false stereotypes, and not withdrawing support for a failing program, respectively.

Question 16

Denrell's (2005) explanation for the persistence of negative first impressions is that when we meet someone and we do not like them, we tend to avoid them, which allows the first impression to remain consistent. This notion is called

Accepted Answer

Denrell's explanation is termed "biased experience sampling" because it suggests that our experiences are not a random sample of a person's behavior. Instead, they are biased by our initial negative impressions, leading us to avoid further interactions that could potentially alter our view.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of individuation while forming an impression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes the...

Question 18

Describe Kelley's covariation principle as it relates to the manner in which attributions are made. Support your answer with examples.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

____ is the process by which one's expectations about a person eventually lead that person to behave in ways that confirm those expectations.

Accepted Answer

Self-fulfilling prophecy is the psychological phenomenon where an individual's expectations about another person or entity cause the individual to act in ways that lead to the fulfillment of those expectations. This means that the initial belief indirectly or directly causes itself to become true.

Quiz 4: Perceiving Persons