Question 1

Social loafing is also known as the ____.
A)free rider problem
B)bad apple effect
C)bait and switch technique
D)narcissism effect

Accepted Answer

Social loafing refers to the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone. This is conceptually similar to the "free rider problem," where people benefit from resources or services without paying for them or contributing their fair share of effort.

Question 2

Suppose you own a rowboat and sometimes go rowing in the summer. In June, you are planning to go rowing with two of your friends (three people total in the boat), and in July, you are planning to go rowing with just one friend (two people total in the boat). Will you put in more effort (row harder)on the three-person trip or on the two-person trip?
A)You will put in more effort on the three-person trip.
B)You will put in more effort on the two-person trip.
C)You will put in the same amount of effort on both trips.
D)It is impossible to say-no research has examined this question.

Accepted Answer

With fewer people in the boat, each person must contribute more effort to move the boat at the same speed, so you will put in more effort on the two-person trip.

Question 3

Patterns of binge eating were rarely noted prior to ____.
A)1960
B)1975
C)1980
D)1990

Accepted Answer

Patterns of binge eating were rarely noted in medical or psychological literature before 1960. It was around this time that eating disorders began to be more widely recognized and studied, leading to increased awareness and identification of conditions like binge eating disorder.

Question 4

Many modern offices have open, public shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices). This office style works BEST if the employees are working on ____.
A)simple tasks that they have performed many times
B)simple but novel tasks
C)complex tasks that they have performed many times
D)complex and novel tasks

Accepted Answer

Open, public shared spaces are best suited for simple tasks that employees have performed many times, as these environments can be distracting and are not conducive to the concentration required for complex or novel tasks.

Question 5

Office building X makes use of an open floor plan with many shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices). This kind of floor plan is likely to increase productivity among some employees but decrease productivity among others. Of the following people, who is likely to suffer MOST?
A)Tom, a copy machine operator
B)Suzanne, an analyst
C)Moe, a typist
D)Ursula, a janitor

Accepted Answer

Suzanne, an analyst, is likely to suffer the most from an open floor plan because her job requires concentration and analysis, which can be significantly disrupted by the noise and distractions common in shared spaces.

Question 6

Jonah is really worried about playing the piano in front of his girlfriend, who wants to be at his recital. Jonah keeps thinking about her instead of concentrating on playing his music. Which one of the three processes that influences social facilitation does this scenario MOST emphasize?
A)Distraction
B)Evaluation apprehension
C)Bodily arousal
D)Social loafing

Accepted Answer

Jonah's worry about playing the piano in front of his girlfriend highlights evaluation apprehension, as he is concerned about being evaluated by someone significant to him, affecting his focus and performance.

Question 7

Research on college sororities has found that ____. ​
A)binge eating leads to social exclusion
B)binge eating levels depend mostly on geographic region
C)binge eating patterns seem to be contagious
D)binge eating occurs among the most isolated sorority members

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that behaviors, including binge eating, can spread through social networks, suggesting that such patterns might be "contagious" among closely knit groups like sorority members.

Question 8

The social facilitation theory suggests that tasks like walking, brushing one's teeth, or counting will be ____ by the presence of others. It also suggests that tasks like solving a difficult math problem or crossword puzzle will be ____ by the presence of others.
A)unaffected; enhanced
B)enhanced; enhanced as well
C)enhanced; unaffected
D)enhanced; hindered

Accepted Answer

The social facilitation theory posits that simple or well-practiced tasks are performed better in the presence of others (enhanced), whereas performance on complex or new tasks is likely to be impaired (hindered) when others are watching.

Question 9

While many modern offices make use of open shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices), this office style can hinder productivity. Indeed, this office style is likely to be particularly detrimental for employees who work on ____. ​
A)simple tasks that they have performed many times
B)simple but novel tasks
C)complex tasks that they have performed many times
D)complex, novel tasks

Accepted Answer

Open shared spaces can be particularly challenging for tasks that require high levels of concentration and creativity, such as complex, novel tasks. These environments can introduce distractions and noise, which are more disruptive when the task at hand is not routine.

Question 10

A group of children were asked to clap and shout as loudly as they could for two minutes in exchange for a bag of candy each. In the context of social loafing, which of the following is most likely to be true?
A)The children make more noise in a group as compared to being alone because more effort is being expended in the group.
B)The children would clap for a minute and then refuse to make more noise unless given some candy.
C)The children would clap and shout for two minutes as requested, but would refuse to take the candy.
D)The children would be louder when clapping and shouting alone than when they were in a group.

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is a phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone. In this scenario, children are likely to make more noise when alone because the individual effort is more noticeable and there's no group to diffuse the responsibility or effort.

Question 11

Jane joined a sorority her freshman year of college and moved into the house her sophomore year. She had never engaged in binge eating before moving into the sorority. After the end of her sophomore year of living in the house, she is most likely to ____. ​
A)still refrain from binge eating
B)engage in extreme binge eating
C)engage in limited binge eating
D)engage in the level of binge eating that most of her sorority sisters do

Accepted Answer

Jane is likely to engage in the level of binge eating that most of her sorority sisters do due to social influence and the desire to fit in with the group norms.

Question 12

What is NOT one of the three processes upon which social facilitation depends?
A)Evaluation apprehension
B)Distraction
C)Bodily arousal
D)Social loafing

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation depends on evaluation apprehension, distraction, and bodily arousal. Social loafing, however, is a different concept where individuals exert less effort in a group than when alone.

Question 13

Cockroaches completed simple mazes more quickly when they ran in the presence of other cockroaches (as opposed to alone), and completed complex mazes more quickly when they ran alone (as opposed to in a group). This finding illustrates that, even among cockroaches, ____. ​
A)social facilitation happens for dominant responses
B)both social facilitation and social inhibition can happen for dominant responses
C)social facilitation happens for non-dominant responses
D)both social facilitation and social inhibition can happen for non-dominant responses

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation occurs when the presence of others enhances performance on easy or well-learned tasks (dominant responses) but can impair performance on difficult tasks. The cockroaches' faster completion of simple mazes in groups and slower completion of complex mazes in groups illustrates this phenomenon.

Question 14

Binge eating is defined by ____. ​
A)eating until you feel full
B)alternating periods of uncontrolled eating and severe restraint
C)restricting caloric intake to starvation levels
D)eating past when you feel full

Accepted Answer

The answer of Binge eating is defined by ____. ​
A)eating...

Question 15

Early research in social psychology conducted by Max Ringelmann revealed that people ____ when they work as part of a group (e.g., pushing a car off of the road with two other people)compared to when they work alone at the same task. ​
A)do not work as hard
B)work harder
C)feel like they are doing more work
D)feel like they are doing less work

Accepted Answer

Max Ringelmann discovered the phenomenon known as social loafing, where individuals exert less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone.

Question 16

Narcissists are ____.
A)people who regard themselves as better than others and are constantly trying to win the admiration of others
B)people who have a total disregard for ethics and morality
C)essentially the same as people with healthy levels of self-esteem
D)people who overvalue superficial qualities (e.g., physical attractiveness)and undervalue deeper qualities (e.g., loyalty)

Accepted Answer

Narcissists are people who regard themselves as better than others and are constantly trying to win the admiration of others.

Question 17

Given Max Ringelmann's  early research looking at group size and individual effort, should we expect Student X to put in a different amount of effort depending on whether she worked on a history project in a five-person group or a two-person group?
A)Yes, we should expect her to work harder in the five-person group.
B)Yes, we should expect her to work harder in the two-person group.
C)No, we should expect her to work equally hard in both groups.
D)This is impossible to determine; it appears that there are no predictable patterns regarding group size and individual effort.

Accepted Answer

Max Ringelmann's research found that individuals tend to exert less effort on a task when they are in larger groups, a phenomenon known as the Ringelmann effect. Therefore, we should expect Student X to work harder in the smaller, two-person group.

Question 18

According to the social facilitation theory, for most people, task performance for tasks such as ____ should be enhanced by the presence of others, while task performance for tasks such as ____ should be hindered by the presence of others.
A)washing dishes; walking
B)solving a difficult math problem; walking
C)solving a difficult math problem; washing dishes
D)washing dishes; solving a difficult math problem

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory suggests that the presence of others enhances performance on simple or well-learned tasks (like washing dishes) but hinders performance on complex or new tasks (like solving a difficult math problem).

Question 19

Of the following people, who will be MOST  inspired to perform well simply because others are watching?
A)Jacob, who has low self-esteem
B)Antione, who has high self-esteem
C)Chris, who is a narcissist
D)Luke, who is high in self-efficacy

Accepted Answer

Narcissists, like Chris, are often highly motivated by external validation and the attention of others. They are likely to be inspired to perform well in situations where they are being observed, as this feeds into their desire for admiration and recognition.

Question 20

Office building X makes use of an open floor plan with many shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices). This kind of floor plan is likely to increase productivity among some employees but decrease productivity among others. Of the following people, who is likely to benefit MOST?
A)Tom, a copy machine operator
B)Suzanne, an analyst
C)Mike, an attorney
D)Irene, a customer service specialist

Accepted Answer

The answer of Office building X makes use of an...

Quiz 14: Groups

Social loafing is also known as the ____.

Patterns of binge eating were rarely noted prior to ____.

Many modern offices have open, public shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices) . This office style works BEST if the employees are working on ____.

Office building X makes use of an open floor plan with many shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices) . This kind of floor plan is likely to increase productivity among some employees but decrease productivity among others. Of the following people, who is likely to suffer MOST?

Jonah is really worried about playing the piano in front of his girlfriend, who wants to be at his recital. Jonah keeps thinking about her instead of concentrating on playing his music. Which one of the three processes that influences social facilitation does this scenario MOST emphasize?

Research on college sororities has found that ____.

The social facilitation theory suggests that tasks like walking, brushing one's teeth, or counting will be by the presence of others. It also suggests that tasks like solving a difficult math problem or crossword puzzle will be by the presence of others.

While many modern offices make use of open shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices) , this office style can hinder productivity. Indeed, this office style is likely to be particularly detrimental for employees who work on ____.

A group of children were asked to clap and shout as loudly as they could for two minutes in exchange for a bag of candy each. In the context of social loafing, which of the following is most likely to be true?

Jane joined a sorority her freshman year of college and moved into the house her sophomore year. She had never engaged in binge eating before moving into the sorority. After the end of her sophomore year of living in the house, she is most likely to ____.

What is NOT one of the three processes upon which social facilitation depends?

Cockroaches completed simple mazes more quickly when they ran in the presence of other cockroaches (as opposed to alone) , and completed complex mazes more quickly when they ran alone (as opposed to in a group) . This finding illustrates that, even among cockroaches, ____.

Binge eating is defined by ____.

Early research in social psychology conducted by Max Ringelmann revealed that people ____ when they work as part of a group (e.g., pushing a car off of the road with two other people) compared to when they work alone at the same task.

Narcissists are ____.

Given Max Ringelmann's early research looking at group size and individual effort, should we expect Student X to put in a different amount of effort depending on whether she worked on a history project in a five-person group or a two-person group?

According to the social facilitation theory, for most people, task performance for tasks such as should be enhanced by the presence of others, while task performance for tasks such as should be hindered by the presence of others.

Of the following people, who will be MOST inspired to perform well simply because others are watching?

Office building X makes use of an open floor plan with many shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices) . This kind of floor plan is likely to increase productivity among some employees but decrease productivity among others. Of the following people, who is likely to benefit MOST?