Question 1

Development of culturally sensitive explanations of human behavior in the 1930s led to the nature theory of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The development of culturally sensitive explanations of human behavior in the 1930s led to the nurture theory of intelligence, emphasizing the role of environment and culture over innate biological factors.

Question 2

Evidence linking food allergies to antisocial behaviors are inconclusive.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 3

After-school programs are designed to reduce criminal activity; research has found that these programs do in fact reduce crime rates.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 4

While shame can be a powerful deterrent, young offenders also seem to be influenced by forgiveness and acceptance.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that while shame can act as a deterrent to negative behavior, young offenders are also positively influenced by feelings of forgiveness and acceptance, which can encourage rehabilitation and reduce recidivism.

Question 5

Male aggression may be more a matter of socialization or cultural patterns than genetic transfer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Male aggression may be more a matter...

Question 6

Specific deterrence strategies may work better with adult miscreants than with young, inexperienced juvenile offenders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Specific deterrence strategies may work better with...

Question 7

It has been argued that low IQ increases the likelihood of delinquent behavior through its effect on school performance.

Accepted Answer

Low IQ can negatively impact school performance, which in turn may increase frustration, reduce self-esteem, and limit opportunities for positive social and academic engagement, potentially leading to an increased likelihood of delinquent behavior.

Question 8

Antisocial behavior allegedly peaks in the teenage years because hormonal activity is at its highest level during this period.

Accepted Answer

Hormonal activity is indeed at its highest level during the teenage years, and this is believed to contribute to the increased risk of antisocial behavior during this period.

Question 9

According to Freud, the superego is the unrestrained, primitive, pleasure-seeking component of the human personality with which each child is born.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches Freud's concept of the id, not the superego. The superego is the moral component of the personality, which incorporates the values and morals of society.

Question 10

Siblings living in a similar environment may develop similar types of friends; consequently, the critical influence toward delinquent behavior is that of peers rather than siblings.

Accepted Answer

While siblings may share similar environments and thus have similar types of friends, it is the peer group, rather than siblings themselves, that has been identified as a more critical influence in the development of delinquent behavior. This is because peers can directly reinforce or model delinquent behavior, exerting a strong social influence during critical developmental periods.

Question 11

DZ twins are closer than MZ twins in level of aggression and verbal skills.

Accepted Answer

DZ (Dizygotic) twins are less genetically similar than MZ (Monozygotic) twins, as MZ twins share 100% of their genes while DZ twins share, on average, only 50%. Therefore, MZ twins are generally more similar in traits such as aggression and verbal skills due to their higher genetic similarity.

Question 12

According to deterrence theory, only the actual chance of punishment influences a youth's decision to engage in delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Deterrence theory suggests that not only the actual chance of punishment but also the perceived severity and certainty of punishment influence an individual's decision to engage in delinquency.

Question 13

Positivists believe that behavior is a function of often uncontrollable factors, such as mental illness.

Accepted Answer

Positivists argue that human behavior is influenced by external and internal factors, including biological and psychological conditions, which can be beyond an individual's control.

Question 14

Cognitive theory focuses on the way people perceive and mentally represent the world around them as well as how they solve problems.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theory indeed centers on understanding how people think, perceive, remember, and learn, emphasizing mental processes that occur when we perceive and mentally represent the world around us and solve problems.

Question 15

Youth may be forced to choose delinquent behavior to help them solve problems; by engaging in antisocial behaviors some youth are able to exert control over their lives and destinies.

Accepted Answer

Some youth may turn to delinquent behavior as a way to exert control over their lives, solve problems, or respond to challenging circumstances, seeing it as a means to gain autonomy or address unmet needs.

Question 16

Scarcity of resources increases the number of motivated offenders, which increases the delinquency rates.

Accepted Answer

Scarcity of resources can lead to increased competition and desperation among individuals, potentially increasing the number of motivated offenders and, consequently, delinquency rates as people may resort to illegal means to obtain what they need or desire.

Question 17

There is no relationship between adolescent aggression and disrupted dependency relations with parents.

Accepted Answer

Adolescent aggression is often linked to disrupted dependency relations with parents, where poor parental attachment, lack of warmth, and inadequate supervision can contribute to aggressive behaviors in adolescents.

Question 18

Traditionally, the juvenile court relied on parens patriae which mandated children be punished for their misdeeds.

Accepted Answer

Traditionally, the juvenile court system under the doctrine of parens patriae was designed to act in the best interest of the child, focusing on rehabilitation rather than punishment.

Question 19

An adolescent's work experience may actually increase delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that while work can provide adolescents with valuable experiences, excessive work hours, especially in certain environments, can also increase the likelihood of engaging in delinquent behaviors due to factors like increased independence, less adult supervision, and association with potentially delinquent peers.

Question 20

Research has linked ADHD to the onset and sustenance of a delinquent career.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals with ADHD are at a higher risk of engaging in delinquent behavior, partly due to impulsivity and difficulty in conforming to rules, which can contribute to the onset and continuation of a delinquent career.

Quiz 3: Individual Views of Delinquency