Question 1

Which of the following theories states that sensations from facial expressions help define what emotion a person feels?
A)facial arousal theory
B)facial attribution theory
C)facial feedback hypothesis
D)Cannon-Bard hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that sensory feedback from our facial expressions can affect our mood, meaning that our facial movements can influence and modify our emotions.

Question 2

According to Richard Lazarus, one's evaluation of the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation is known as
A)facial feedback.
B)unconscious attribution.
C)cognitive distinction.
D)emotional appraisal.

Accepted Answer

Emotional appraisal is the term used by Richard Lazarus to describe one's evaluation of the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation. This process involves assessing whether an encounter is irrelevant, beneficial, or stressful, and it plays a crucial role in determining the emotional response to that situation.

Question 3

Which theory explains that emotions cause innately programmed changes in facial expressions with these sensations from the face providing cues to the brain that help us determine what emotion we are feeling?
A)facial arousal theory
B)facial attribution theory
C)facial feedback hypothesis
D)Cannon-Bard hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that facial expressions can influence emotional experiences. According to this theory, changes in facial expression can trigger changes in emotion, as the sensations from the facial expressions provide cues to the brain that help in identifying the emotion being experienced.

Question 4

Regarding Valins's experiment in which male subjects were given phony feedback about their heart rate responses to slides of nude females, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)The male subjects who heard the false heartbeat consistently rated the slides paired with a "pounding heart" as the most attractive.
B)The results of this experiment demonstrate the effects of attribution on emotions.
C)The male subjects, in order to explain their apparent arousal, came to believe that the slides they selected during the phony rapid heartbeat were really the most attractive.
D)Valins's theory is most similar to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

Valins's experiment is more closely aligned with the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion, which emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal in determining emotional experience, rather than the Cannon-Bard theory, which posits that emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously and independently.

Question 5

Which of the following is the mental process of assigning causes to events, such as one assigning bodily arousal to a particular source?
A)attribution
B)negation
C)feedback
D)homeostasis

Accepted Answer

Attribution is the mental process where individuals assign causes or reasons to events, including the interpretation of their own or others' behaviors and outcomes. This includes attributing feelings of arousal to specific sources.

Question 6

When parents try to break up the romance of a son or daughter, they tend to add anger, frustration, and fear to the situation. Then, the romantic couple may see the cause of all these intense feelings to their "love." This situation illustrates the effects of the mental process called
A)negation.
B)feedback.
C)attribution
D)homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

This situation illustrates the effects of the mental process called attribution, where individuals assign causes to behaviors or events. In this case, the romantic couple attributes their intense feelings of anger, frustration, and fear to their love, rather than to the external interference from the parents.

Question 7

In the "love on a swaying bridge" experiment, the findings that the men interviewed on the high swaying suspension bridge called the lovely interviewer more than the men interviewed on the solid wooden bridge suggest that the
A)men on the swaying bridge interpreted their heightened arousal as attraction for the lovely interviewer.
B)lovely interviewer smiled more at the men on the swaying bridge than the solid bridge.
C)men on the swaying bridge were younger than the men on the solid wooden bridge.
D)men on the swaying bridge were more athletic than the men on the solid wooden bridge.

Accepted Answer

The experiment demonstrates the misattribution of arousal, where the men on the swaying bridge misinterpreted their physiological arousal from the bridge as attraction to the interviewer.

Question 8

You promised to pick up a friend after work. As you arrive at home, your friend calls and says that he has been waiting for over an hour. You realize that you have not lived up to your promise and feel shame. Richard Lazarus would say that your feeling of shame occurred because of your
A)unconscious attribution.
B)emotional appraisal.
C)cognitive distinction.
D)facial feedback.

Accepted Answer

Richard Lazarus's theory emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal in emotions. In this scenario, the feeling of shame arises from the cognitive appraisal of not fulfilling a promise, leading to the realization of having let someone down.

Question 9

According to Richard Lazarus, people tend to evaluate a stimulus as good or bad, threatening or supportive, relevant or irrelevant, and so on. This illustrates
A)emotional appraisal.
B)unconscious attribution.
C)cognitive distinction.
D)facial feedback.

Accepted Answer

This illustrates emotional appraisal, a concept developed by Richard Lazarus, which involves evaluating an event or stimulus in terms of its significance to one's well-being, leading to an emotional response.

Question 10

You have worked very hard, putting in a great deal of overtime at work. Your boss not only does not notice your hard work but comments on the "messiness" of your office. You think that your boss' actions were unfair and demeaning, and you feel hurt and angry. Richard Lazarus would say that these feelings occurred because of
A)emotional appraisal.
B)unconscious attribution.
C)cognitive distinction.
D)facial feedback.

Accepted Answer

Richard Lazarus' theory emphasizes that emotions arise from how we appraise or evaluate events and situations in our lives. In this scenario, feeling hurt and angry results from appraising your boss's actions as unfair and demeaning, which is an example of emotional appraisal.

Question 11

Which of the following theorists believes that the emotions you experience are greatly influenced by how you evaluate the personal meaning of a stimulus?
A)Carrol Izard
B)Paul Ekman
C)Richard Lazarus
D)Carl Lange

Accepted Answer

Richard Lazarus is known for his cognitive-mediational theory which posits that the appraisal or evaluation of a situation is what leads to the emotional response, emphasizing the role of personal interpretation and meaning in emotions.

Question 12

In therapy, Lauren has learned to laugh at another driver's childish behavior rather than become very angry at the driver. Thus, therapy has helped Lauren to minimize her anger by teaching her how to
A)pay more attention to her facial feedback.
B)suppress her emotions
C)change her emotional appraisals.
D)unconsciously lower her arousal levels.

Accepted Answer

Lauren has learned to reinterpret the behavior of another driver in a way that makes it less anger-inducing, which is an example of changing her emotional appraisals. This cognitive change affects how she emotionally responds to the situation.

Question 13

In a research study, one-third of the subjects were injected with adrenaline, one-third were given a tranquilizer, and one-third were injected with a placebo (salt water)and shown a slapstick comedy film. The findings of the study provided support for Schachter's theory of emotion since the group members that laughed the LEAST were the ones injected with
A)adrenaline.
B)a tranquilizer.
C)a placebo
D)nothing.

Accepted Answer

Schachter's theory of emotion, also known as the two-factor theory, posits that emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive label. The group injected with a tranquilizer likely experienced reduced physiological arousal, making it harder for them to cognitively label their experience as one of amusement, leading to them laughing the least.

Question 14

Which of the following researchers in the area of emotion would probably be most interested in Valins's notion of attribution?
A)James and Lange
B)Cannon and Bard
C)Dodson
D)Schachter

Accepted Answer

Schachter's Two-Factor Theory of Emotion emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes in the experience of emotion, which aligns with Valins's notion of attribution where interpretation of physiological responses plays a key role in emotional experience.

Question 15

The perception of an emotion in any situation can depend on what a person thinks has caused his or her feelings of physical arousal. This illustrates
A)negation according to the James-Lange theory.
B)homeostasis according to the Cannon-Bard theory.
C)feedback according to the facial feedback theory.
D)attribution according to the cognitive theory.

Accepted Answer

The statement illustrates the cognitive theory of emotion, which posits that the interpretation or attribution of the cause of physiological arousal plays a key role in the emotional experience. This theory suggests that how we think about or interpret our bodily reactions in a given situation influences the emotion we experience.

Question 16

Which of the following theorists believes that "making faces" can actually produce emotions?
A)James and Lange
B)Cannon and Bard
C)Paul Ekman
D)Richard Lazarus

Accepted Answer

Paul Ekman's research supports the idea that facial expressions can not only reflect emotions but can also cause the emotional experiences they signify. This concept aligns with the facial feedback hypothesis, suggesting that facial movements can influence emotional states.

Question 17

When her mother-in-law criticizes her cooking, hairstyle, etc. Marie used to become angry and hurt. However, Marie now tries to feel compassion for her mother-in-law's insecurities and become nicer toward her, since she has learned to
A)pay more attention to her own facial feedback.
B)make cognitive distinctions between real and perceived criticisms.
C)change her attributions and emotional appraisals.
D)unconsciously lower her arousal levels.

Accepted Answer

Marie has learned to change her attributions and emotional appraisals regarding her mother-in-law's criticisms. By understanding the criticisms as stemming from her mother-in-law's insecurities and responding with compassion, Marie is altering her interpretation and emotional response to these situations.

Question 18

Although he doesn't understand why, Rick finds that his attraction to his girlfriend is intensified when she flirts with other men. Rick's increased attraction may be caused by his
A)denial of his anger.
B)secondary appraisal of his girlfriend's worth.
C)frustration at not being able to change the situation.
D)attribution of his emotional arousal as attraction.

Accepted Answer

Rick's increased attraction could be due to the misattribution of his emotional arousal as attraction, a phenomenon where people misinterpret the cause of their emotional state.

Question 19

Which theory of emotion predicts that you are most likely to "love" someone who gets you stirred up emotionally, even when fear, anger, frustration, or rejection is part of the formula?
A)Cannon-Bard
B)attribution
C)James-Lange
D)common sense

Accepted Answer

The attribution theory suggests that individuals make sense of their experiences by attributing them to causes, including emotions. In the context of love, this theory predicts that if someone causes an intense emotional reaction, you might attribute some of those feelings to love, especially if you interpret the arousal as positive or if the emotional context is ambiguous. This is why you might "love" someone who stirs up strong emotions, regardless of the specific type of emotion.

Question 20

Valins conducted a classic study in which male college students viewed a series of photographs of nude females while listening to an amplified heartbeat that each student believed was his own. According to Valins, how the males in this study interpreted their emotional response to the pictures was determined by
A)the feedback they received from their facial expressions.
B)their brains' thalamic activity.
C)their limbic system feedback.
D)the attributions they made.

Accepted Answer

Valins' study is a classic example of how emotions can be influenced by cognitive interpretations or attributions. The participants' emotional responses were influenced by what they believed was happening to them (thinking their own heart rate was increasing), not by direct physiological feedback from their bodies. This demonstrates the role of cognitive processes in emotion.

Quiz 10: Motivation and Emotion

Which of the following theories states that sensations from facial expressions help define what emotion a person feels?

According to Richard Lazarus, one's evaluation of the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation is known as

Which theory explains that emotions cause innately programmed changes in facial expressions with these sensations from the face providing cues to the brain that help us determine what emotion we are feeling?

Regarding Valins's experiment in which male subjects were given phony feedback about their heart rate responses to slides of nude females, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is the mental process of assigning causes to events, such as one assigning bodily arousal to a particular source?

When parents try to break up the romance of a son or daughter, they tend to add anger, frustration, and fear to the situation. Then, the romantic couple may see the cause of all these intense feelings to their "love." This situation illustrates the effects of the mental process called

In the "love on a swaying bridge" experiment, the findings that the men interviewed on the high swaying suspension bridge called the lovely interviewer more than the men interviewed on the solid wooden bridge suggest that the

You promised to pick up a friend after work. As you arrive at home, your friend calls and says that he has been waiting for over an hour. You realize that you have not lived up to your promise and feel shame. Richard Lazarus would say that your feeling of shame occurred because of your

According to Richard Lazarus, people tend to evaluate a stimulus as good or bad, threatening or supportive, relevant or irrelevant, and so on. This illustrates

Which of the following theorists believes that the emotions you experience are greatly influenced by how you evaluate the personal meaning of a stimulus?

In therapy, Lauren has learned to laugh at another driver's childish behavior rather than become very angry at the driver. Thus, therapy has helped Lauren to minimize her anger by teaching her how to

Which of the following researchers in the area of emotion would probably be most interested in Valins's notion of attribution?

The perception of an emotion in any situation can depend on what a person thinks has caused his or her feelings of physical arousal. This illustrates

Which of the following theorists believes that "making faces" can actually produce emotions?

When her mother-in-law criticizes her cooking, hairstyle, etc. Marie used to become angry and hurt. However, Marie now tries to feel compassion for her mother-in-law's insecurities and become nicer toward her, since she has learned to

Although he doesn't understand why, Rick finds that his attraction to his girlfriend is intensified when she flirts with other men. Rick's increased attraction may be caused by his

Which theory of emotion predicts that you are most likely to "love" someone who gets you stirred up emotionally, even when fear, anger, frustration, or rejection is part of the formula?