Question 1

Concerning the expert systems within artificial intelligence, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Expert systems have been used to Think Critically geological formations, play chess, read, and tell when to buy and sell stocks.
B)Expert systems were developed by converting complex skills into clearly stated rules that a computer can follow.
C)Outside of their little corners of expertise, these expert systems do not perform well.
D)Expert systems are useful for providing an organized description of events, but not for the prediction or diagnosis of conditions or events.

Accepted Answer

Expert systems are indeed designed for prediction or diagnosis of conditions or events, among other applications. They use a knowledge base and inference rules to simulate the decision-making ability of a human expert in specific domains, making them capable of providing predictions or diagnoses based on the data and rules they have been programmed with.

Question 2

While most efforts have focused on measuring intelligence in humans, a small group of psychologists and computer scientists have taken an entirely different approach, which involves building machines that display human-like problem solving or intelligent responding. This field of research is called
A)artificial intelligence.
B)proxemics.
C)cerebronics.
D)experiential processing.

Accepted Answer

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the field of research that focuses on creating machines capable of performing tasks that require human intelligence, such as problem-solving, learning, and understanding language.

Question 3

Which of the following terms is used to describe computer programs that are able to predict the weather, Think Critically geological formations, diagnose disease, and play chess?
A)performance modules
B)expert systems
C)modular systems
D)computer symbiotics

Accepted Answer

Expert systems are a branch of artificial intelligence that use databases of expert knowledge to offer advice or make decisions in such areas as medical diagnosis and weather forecasting. They simulate the decision-making ability of a human expert.

Question 4

Computers have been most successful in specific situations where complex skills can be converted into clearly stated rules that the computer can follow. These programs are referred to as
A)proxemic systems.
B)symbiotic systems.
C)expert systems.
D)automatic processing systems.

Accepted Answer

Expert systems are computer programs designed to mimic the decision-making abilities of human experts in specific fields by following a set of clearly defined rules.

Question 5

Artificial intelligence involves
A)the training of nonhuman mammals to perform helping behaviors for disabled persons.
B)the language training of nonhuman primates.
C)computer programs that are capable of human-like problem solving.
D)the study of proxemics and other nonverbal intelligence in humans.

Accepted Answer

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence. This includes problem-solving, which is why option C is correct. Options A and B involve training animals, and option D involves the study of human nonverbal communication, none of which pertain to AI.

Question 6

Ginny has been assigned a major project at work. She breaks the project into parts and establishes goals and a time line for completing each part of the project. As she works on this project, she monitors her progress and makes corrections when necessary. Ginny is demonstrating good
A)metacognitive skills.
B)kinesthetic processing.
C)experiential intelligence.
D)speed of processing.

Accepted Answer

Ginny is demonstrating good metacognitive skills by planning, monitoring, and evaluating her approach to the project, which are key components of metacognition.

Question 7

An ability to manage one's own thinking and problem solving efforts are referred to as
A)metacognitive skills.
B)experiential intelligence.
C)speed of processing.
D)frames of mind.

Accepted Answer

Metacognitive skills involve the ability to manage, understand, and regulate one's own cognitive processes, including thinking and problem-solving.

Question 8

IBM's Watson supercomputer, which outperformed even expert humans at playing the television game Jeopardy, and the computer Deep Blue that beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997 are examples of
A)expert systems.
B)proxemic devices.
C)symbiotic models.
D)computerized creativity.

Accepted Answer

IBM's Watson and Deep Blue are examples of expert systems, which are computer systems that emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert. Watson demonstrated this in the context of playing Jeopardy, and Deep Blue showed it by playing chess at a level that surpassed a world champion.

Question 9

While a robot might do a spiffy job of solving Rubik's Cube puzzles, its main contribution is to duplicate human thinking and decision making in order to help us understand how people solve problems. Thus, the robot is an example of a
A)proxemic system.
B)novice system.
C)modular cognition device.
D)computer simulation.

Accepted Answer

The robot simulates human problem-solving processes, making it an example of a computer simulation. This involves using computer algorithms to mimic or replicate the way humans think and make decisions, particularly in complex tasks like solving a Rubik's Cube.

Question 10

Individuals can show clear aptitudes for art or computer programming but perform poorly on IQ tests. Autistic savants show extreme intellectual strengths and weaknesses. Such observations have convinced many psychologists that it is time to
A)define intelligence as a g-factor (general ability).
B)develop a narrower, specific definition of intelligence.
C)develop broader definitions of intelligence that better predict real-world success.
D)develop a definition of intelligence that better predicts the likelihood of success in school.

Accepted Answer

Developing broader definitions of intelligence that encompass a wider range of abilities and skills can better account for the diverse ways in which people excel and succeed in real-world scenarios, beyond traditional academic or IQ test measures.

Question 11

Creating computer programs capable of doing things that require intelligence when done by people refers to
A)artificial intelligence.
B)proxemics.
C)cerebronics.
D)computerized creativity.

Accepted Answer

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science that focuses on creating programs or machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include problem-solving, recognizing speech, learning, and planning, among others. Proxemics, cerebronics, and computerized creativity do not specifically refer to the broad field of creating intelligent computer programs.

Question 12

Metacognitive skills include
A)the speed and efficiency of the nervous system.
B)specialized knowledge and skills acquired over time.
C)iconic and echoic memory processing.
D)the ability to manage one's own thinking.

Accepted Answer

Metacognitive skills refer to the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. It involves the ability to manage, monitor, and regulate how one learns and solves problems, which is why option D is correct. Options A, B, and C describe other cognitive processes and abilities, not metacognition.

Question 13

Which of the following are programs that attempt to duplicate human behavior, including thinking, decision making, problem solving, and thinking errors, and are used to test models of human cognition?
A)computer simulations
B)novice systems
C)modular systems
D)computer symbiotics

Accepted Answer

Computer simulations are used to mimic human behavior, including cognitive processes such as thinking, decision making, and problem solving, to test models of human cognition.

Question 14

According to David Perkins, reflective intelligence involves
A)the speed and efficiency of the nervous system.
B)specialized knowledge and skills acquired over time.
C)an ability to become aware of one's own thinking habits.
D)an ability to understand others and social interactions.

Accepted Answer

Reflective intelligence, as described by David Perkins, involves an individual's ability to become aware of their own thinking habits, allowing them to reflect on and improve their cognitive processes.

Question 15

Metacognitive skills are a large part of what it means to engage in
A)experiential processing.
B)interpersonal cognition.
C)neural processing.
D)reflective cognition.

Accepted Answer

Metacognitive skills involve thinking about one's own thinking processes, which is a key aspect of reflective cognition. This includes planning, monitoring, and evaluating one's own understanding and performance.

Question 16

Which of the following skills would be most difficult for an expert computer system to do?
A)beat a world champion chess player
B)harmonize music
C)predict the weather or determine when to buy or sell stock
D)engage in a believable free-flowing conversation with a person

Accepted Answer

Engaging in a believable free-flowing conversation with a person is most difficult for an expert computer system due to the complexity of human language, the nuances of emotion, and the need for contextual understanding, which are challenges that AI and natural language processing technologies are still striving to overcome.

Question 17

It is possible to develop metacognitive skills by applying
A)neural intelligence.
B)reflective intelligence.
C)experiential intelligence.
D)kinesthetic intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Reflective intelligence involves thinking about one's own thinking processes, which is a key aspect of developing metacognitive skills. This includes evaluating and adjusting one's strategies for learning and problem-solving.

Question 18

If a computer program behaves as humans do, including making the same errors, then the program may be a good model of how we think. Thus, when a computer acts as a "laboratory" for testing models of cognition, it is referred to as a
A)symbiotic model.
B)novice system.
C)modular system.
D)computer simulation.

Accepted Answer

When a computer program is used as a "laboratory" for testing models of human cognition, especially by mimicking human behavior and errors, it is referred to as a computer simulation. This approach allows researchers to experiment with and analyze the theoretical models of how the human mind works in a controlled, simulated environment.

Question 19

Computer scientist Aaron Sloman stated that "Human brains don't work by magic, so whatever it is they do should be doable by machine." The resulting computer programs can then help us understand how people do those same things. These statements explain the field of
A)computerized creativity.
B)proxemics.
C)cerebronics.
D)artificial intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Sloman's statement reflects the core idea of artificial intelligence (AI), which is about creating machines or software that can perform tasks requiring human intelligence. This includes understanding how humans think and replicating or simulating that process in machines.

Question 20

Since there are many ways to be "smart," it has become controversial to define intelligence
A)as multiple aptitudes.
B)as a g-factor.
C)broadly.
D)as different mental "languages" that people use for thinking.

Accepted Answer

The concept of intelligence as a g-factor, or general intelligence, is controversial because it suggests a single, overarching measure of cognitive ability, whereas many believe intelligence is multifaceted.

Quiz 9: Intelligence

Concerning the expert systems within artificial intelligence, which of the following statements is FALSE?

While most efforts have focused on measuring intelligence in humans, a small group of psychologists and computer scientists have taken an entirely different approach, which involves building machines that display human-like problem solving or intelligent responding. This field of research is called

Which of the following terms is used to describe computer programs that are able to predict the weather, Think Critically geological formations, diagnose disease, and play chess?

Computers have been most successful in specific situations where complex skills can be converted into clearly stated rules that the computer can follow. These programs are referred to as

Artificial intelligence involves

Ginny has been assigned a major project at work. She breaks the project into parts and establishes goals and a time line for completing each part of the project. As she works on this project, she monitors her progress and makes corrections when necessary. Ginny is demonstrating good

An ability to manage one's own thinking and problem solving efforts are referred to as

IBM's Watson supercomputer, which outperformed even expert humans at playing the television game Jeopardy, and the computer Deep Blue that beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997 are examples of

While a robot might do a spiffy job of solving Rubik's Cube puzzles, its main contribution is to duplicate human thinking and decision making in order to help us understand how people solve problems. Thus, the robot is an example of a

Individuals can show clear aptitudes for art or computer programming but perform poorly on IQ tests. Autistic savants show extreme intellectual strengths and weaknesses. Such observations have convinced many psychologists that it is time to

Creating computer programs capable of doing things that require intelligence when done by people refers to

Metacognitive skills include

Which of the following are programs that attempt to duplicate human behavior, including thinking, decision making, problem solving, and thinking errors, and are used to test models of human cognition?

According to David Perkins, reflective intelligence involves

Metacognitive skills are a large part of what it means to engage in

Which of the following skills would be most difficult for an expert computer system to do?

It is possible to develop metacognitive skills by applying

If a computer program behaves as humans do, including making the same errors, then the program may be a good model of how we think. Thus, when a computer acts as a "laboratory" for testing models of cognition, it is referred to as a

Computer scientist Aaron Sloman stated that "Human brains don't work by magic, so whatever it is they do should be doable by machine." The resulting computer programs can then help us understand how people do those same things. These statements explain the field of

Since there are many ways to be "smart," it has become controversial to define intelligence