Question 1

Regarding bilingual education, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that achieving a high level of ability in two languages does not lead to confusion or lower general language skills. Instead, bilingual individuals often show enhanced cognitive flexibility, problem-solving skills, and multitasking abilities.

Question 2

Jeffrey would be classified as a majority child and is presently learning a second language. Jeffrey will most likely

Accepted Answer

Additive bilingualism occurs when a child learns a second language in addition to their first without losing the first language, often leading to cognitive benefits and enhanced language skills. This is common among majority children who learn a second language in a supportive environment.

Question 3

The symbols we call words are built out of

Accepted Answer

Words are constructed from morphemes, which are the smallest units of meaning, and phonemes, which are the smallest units of sound in a language.

Question 4

In which programs are majority group children and children with limited English skills taught part of the day in English and part in a second language?

Accepted Answer

Two-way bilingual education programs are designed to teach both majority group children and children with limited English skills in two languages. Part of the day is conducted in English, and part in a second language, with the goal of bilingual proficiency for all students.

Question 5

A "cat" can be defined as a furry little animal that goes "meow," while the word "cats" indicates that there is more than one of these little animals. Thus, while "cat" indicates one meaningful unit, "cats" would constitute two

Accepted Answer

Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in a language. The word "cat" is a single morpheme representing one unit of meaning, and the addition of "s" to make "cats" adds another morpheme that indicates plurality, making two morphemes in total.

Question 6

In the English language, an adjective will normally precede the noun, but in Spanish the opposite is true. This difference in placement of the adjective illustrates that the two languages have different rules of

Accepted Answer

The placement of adjectives relative to nouns is a matter of syntax, a subfield of grammar, which governs the structure of sentences and phrases.

Question 7

Rearranging words almost always changes the meaning of a sentence, which illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Syntax refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. Rearranging words in a sentence can change its meaning, highlighting the importance of syntax in understanding and constructing sentences.

Question 8

The complete set of rules for a language that determines how to make sounds into words and words into sentences is called

Accepted Answer

Grammar is the complete set of rules for a language that determines how sounds are made into words and words into sentences, encompassing syntax, morphology, phonology, and semantics.

Question 9

Santos is learning the rules for ordering words in the formation of sentences. Santos is studying

Accepted Answer

Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically the order of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.

Question 10

The basic speech sounds of a language are called

Accepted Answer

Phonemes are the basic units of sound in a language that distinguish one word from another. For example, the phonemes /p/ and /b/ differentiate "pat" from "bat." Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning, syllables are units of pronunciation, and syntax refers to the rules for constructing sentences.

Question 11

Elmer is attending speech therapy classes because he has a frontal lisp, that is, he mispronounces the "s" sound as a "th." For example, he might say that "the thun thines in the morning." Elmer is exhibiting a problem with

Accepted Answer

Elmer's issue with mispronouncing the "s" sound as a "th" sound is related to phonemes, which are the smallest units of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning. His problem does not concern syntax (sentence structure), transformations (changes in form), or morphemes (the smallest units of meaning).

Question 12

In the United States, two-way bilingual education eliminates the problems of subtractive bilingualism by

Accepted Answer

Two-way bilingual education, also known as dual-language education, involves teaching students in two languages: half the day in English and the other half in the student's native language. This approach supports the development of proficiency in both languages, thereby avoiding subtractive bilingualism, where a second language (in this case, English) replaces the native language.

Question 13

The fact that "dog bites man" has a very different meaning from "man bites dog" demonstrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

The difference in meaning between "dog bites man" and "man bites dog" is due to syntax, which refers to the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. The change in word order alters the roles of the subject and object, changing the overall meaning of the sentence.

Question 14

When a majority-speaking child is taught a second language, it usually results in

Accepted Answer

Additive bilingualism occurs when a child learns a second language in addition to their native language, enhancing their linguistic abilities without losing proficiency in either language.

Question 15

Juan is a minority child, who does not speak English at home, and attends school in an English-only classroom. Juan will most likely

Accepted Answer

Juan is likely to experience subtractive bilingualism, where learning a second language (English) interferes with the development of his first language. This situation can also lead to educational setbacks, as language barriers may hinder his ability to keep up with his peers. Additionally, the challenge of mastering a new language while maintaining proficiency in his native language can result in decreased competence in both languages.

Question 16

When non-English speaking minority children are placed in an English-only classroom, subtractive bilingualism can occur, which means

Accepted Answer

Subtractive bilingualism refers to the process where learning a second language (in this case, English) interferes with the maintenance and development of the first language. This can lead to children being less than fully competent in both their native language and the new language.

Question 17

Jennifer would be classified as a majority child and is presently learning a second language. Jennifer will most likely

Accepted Answer

Jennifer, as a majority child learning a second language, is likely to experience additive bilingualism, where the second language is added without detracting from the first. This process often leads to improvements in various cognitive skills due to the mental exercise of managing two languages. Additionally, her home language is unlikely to be threatened because her societal status supports the maintenance of her first language.

Question 18

The smallest meaningful units of speech, such as syllables or words, are called

Accepted Answer

Morphemes are the smallest units of language that carry meaning. They can be whole words or parts of words, such as prefixes or suffixes.

Question 19

Regarding bilingual education, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Subtractive bilingualism refers to the phenomenon where learning a second language interferes with the maintenance or development of the first language. However, this statement is false in the context of the benefits of bilingual education for both minority and majority children. Research has shown that learning a second language can enhance cognitive skills without necessarily causing loss of proficiency in the native language. In fact, effective bilingual education programs aim to promote bilingualism and biliteracy, enhancing proficiency in both languages.

Question 20

The part of grammar that involves the rules for word order is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Syntax is the part of grammar that involves the rules for how words are arranged to form sentences and phrases.

Quiz 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Regarding bilingual education, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Jeffrey would be classified as a majority child and is presently learning a second language. Jeffrey will most likely

The symbols we call words are built out of

In which programs are majority group children and children with limited English skills taught part of the day in English and part in a second language?

A "cat" can be defined as a furry little animal that goes "meow," while the word "cats" indicates that there is more than one of these little animals. Thus, while "cat" indicates one meaningful unit, "cats" would constitute two

In the English language, an adjective will normally precede the noun, but in Spanish the opposite is true. This difference in placement of the adjective illustrates that the two languages have different rules of

Rearranging words almost always changes the meaning of a sentence, which illustrates the importance of

The complete set of rules for a language that determines how to make sounds into words and words into sentences is called

Santos is learning the rules for ordering words in the formation of sentences. Santos is studying

The basic speech sounds of a language are called

Elmer is attending speech therapy classes because he has a frontal lisp, that is, he mispronounces the "s" sound as a "th." For example, he might say that "the thun thines in the morning." Elmer is exhibiting a problem with

In the United States, two-way bilingual education eliminates the problems of subtractive bilingualism by

The fact that "dog bites man" has a very different meaning from "man bites dog" demonstrates the importance of

When a majority-speaking child is taught a second language, it usually results in

Juan is a minority child, who does not speak English at home, and attends school in an English-only classroom. Juan will most likely

When non-English speaking minority children are placed in an English-only classroom, subtractive bilingualism can occur, which means

Jennifer would be classified as a majority child and is presently learning a second language. Jennifer will most likely

The smallest meaningful units of speech, such as syllables or words, are called

Regarding bilingual education, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The part of grammar that involves the rules for word order is referred to as