Question 1

Christina enviously watches her tennis rival practice. She admires Sarina's control of the racket and finely coordinated movement. Having just covered the section on the brain in her psychology class, Christina states that Sarina must have a highly developed
A)cerebellum.
B)medulla.
C)hippocampus.
D)pons.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture, which explains Sarina's control of the racket and finely coordinated movement in tennis.

Question 2

The first symptom(s)of a crippling disease called spinocerebellar degeneration
A)are hyperactivity and a lack of attention.
B)are tremor, dizziness, and muscular weakness.
C)is an inability to recognize faces and familiar surroundings by sight alone.
D)is an inability to store new long-term verbal memories.

Accepted Answer

Spinocerebellar degeneration is a condition that affects the cerebellum and spinal cord, leading to symptoms such as tremor, dizziness, and muscular weakness. These symptoms are related to the loss of coordination and muscle control that characterize the disease.

Question 3

Musicians, who practice special motor skills throughout their lives, have a larger than average
A)pons.
B)limbic system.
C)cerebellum.
D)thalamus.

Accepted Answer

Musicians often have a larger cerebellum than average due to their extensive practice of special motor skills. The cerebellum plays a crucial role in fine motor control and coordination, which are essential for playing musical instruments.

Question 4

Severe damage to which of the following parts of the brain would most likely result in death?
A)amygdala
B)medulla
C)hippocampus
D)cerebellum

Accepted Answer

The medulla, part of the brainstem, controls vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. Damage to this area can be life-threatening, as these functions are essential for survival.

Question 5

Jordan has developed a noticeable tremor and is experiencing dizziness and muscular weakness. Her doctor tells her that she has a crippling disease that will eventual progress to the point that she will have difficulty standing, walking, or feeding herself. Jordan most likely has
A)spinocerebellar degeneration.
B)degenerative agnosia.
C)motor aphasia.
D)progressive virilism.

Accepted Answer

Spinocerebellar degeneration is characterized by symptoms such as tremors, dizziness, and muscular weakness, and it progressively impairs physical functions like standing, walking, or feeding oneself, matching the description given.

Question 6

The cerebellum stores which type of memory?
A)the names of persons and other personal information
B)skill memories, such as riding a bicycle
C)knowledge of information heard or spoken
D)knowledge of information seen or read

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is primarily involved in the coordination of movement and balance, and it plays a crucial role in storing procedural or skill memories, such as how to ride a bicycle or play an instrument. These are memories involving the learned skills that can be performed without conscious thought once they have been mastered.

Question 7

The reticular formation (RF)is associated with
A)hunger and thirst.
B)attention and wakefulness.
C)sex, rage, and emotion.
D)pleasure and punishment.

Accepted Answer

The reticular formation is primarily associated with attention and wakefulness, playing a crucial role in maintaining consciousness and alertness.

Question 8

At age 33, Kate Adamson had a stroke that caused catastrophic damage to her brainstem. She was totally paralyzed and barely able to breathe but was still fully awake and aware. Kate Adamson was experiencing what is known as
A)Broca's aphasia.
B)spatial neglect.
C)locked-in syndrome.
D)neurogenic agnosia.

Accepted Answer

Locked-in syndrome is a condition in which a patient is aware and awake but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for the eyes. Kate Adamson's experience of being fully awake and aware but unable to move or communicate, except for minimal breathing, aligns with the symptoms of locked-in syndrome.

Question 9

Although there is growing evidence of its role in cognition and emotion, which part of the brain primarily regulates posture, muscle tone, and muscular coordination?
A)hypothalamus
B)cerebellum
C)hippocampus
D)limbic system

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum primarily regulates posture, muscle tone, and muscular coordination, playing a crucial role in motor control.

Question 10

A karate chop to an area at the top of the neck could stop a person's heart and breathing by damaging the
A)hippocampus.
B)thalamus.
C)medulla.
D)amygdala.

Accepted Answer

The medulla, part of the brainstem, controls vital functions such as heart rate and breathing. Damage to this area can disrupt these critical functions, potentially stopping the heart and breathing.

Question 11

The pons acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas and influences
A)memory.
B)sleep and arousal.
C)motor behavior.
D)higher reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The pons is involved in regulating sleep and arousal. It serves as a communication and coordination center between the two hemispheres of the brain, particularly in functions related to sleep and waking.

Question 12

Weeks after an automobile accident, a friend continues to have difficulty maintaining balance and coordinating movements. You should suspect that damage may have occurred to the
A)corpus callosum.
B)cerebellum.
C)medulla.
D)thalamus.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordination of movements. Damage to this area can lead to difficulties in maintaining balance and coordinating movements, as described in the scenario.

Question 13

As the spinal cord joins the brain, it widens into the
A)brainstem.
B)cerebrum.
C)limbic system.
D)corpus callosum.

Accepted Answer

The spinal cord widens into the brainstem as it joins the brain. The brainstem is responsible for conducting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, and also controls basic functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 14

Which of the following parts of the brain looks like a small bump on the brainstem and acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas?
A)pons
B)hippocampus
C)hypothalamus
D)limbic system

Accepted Answer

The pons is a part of the brain located on the brainstem. It acts as a bridge between the medulla and other areas of the brain, facilitating communication among different parts of the brain.

Question 15

Which part of the brain stores memories related to skills and habits?
A)amygdala
B)thalamus
C)cerebellum
D)reticular formation

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is involved in the coordination of voluntary motor movement, balance and equilibrium, and muscle tone. It is also important for learning motor behaviors, skills, and habits.

Question 16

At age 33, Kate Adamson had a stroke that resulted in a locked-in syndrome, in which one moment she was fine and the next totally paralyzed and barely able to breathe. The stroke had damaged which part of Kate Adamson's brain?
A)amygdala
B)brainstem
C)hippocampus
D)thalamus

Accepted Answer

The brainstem controls many basic life functions, including heart rate, breathing, sleeping, and eating. Damage to the brainstem can result in locked-in syndrome, where an individual is fully conscious but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for the eyes.

Question 17

The brainstem consists mainly of the
A)hippocampus and amygdala.
B)thalamus and hypothalamus.
C)medulla and the pons.
D)cerebral cortex and the corpus callosum.

Accepted Answer

The brainstem is primarily composed of the medulla and the pons, which are crucial for controlling various automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and sleep cycles.

Question 18

Coma researchers used fMRI to reexamine 54 patients previously diagnosed as being in a persistent vegetative state, or brain-dead. Patients were repeatedly asked to imagine swinging a tennis racquet or walking down a familiar street. Five of the patients showed clearly different brain activity to the two tasks despite being unable to communicate with doctors in any other way. These results suggest that not all patients who are non-responsive are brain dead, but instead some may have
A)Broca's aphasia.
B)spatial neglect.
C)locked-in syndrome.
D)neurogenic agnosia.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is locked-in syndrome because it describes a condition where a person is conscious and aware but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for the eyes. The fMRI results showing different brain activities in response to the tasks suggest that these patients were conscious and aware of their surroundings, fitting the description of locked-in syndrome.

Question 19

The reflex control centers for vital life functions like heart rate and breathing are found in the
A)forebrain.
B)medulla.
C)hippocampus.
D)thalamus.

Accepted Answer

The medulla, part of the brainstem, controls vital life functions such as heart rate and breathing, making it essential for survival.

Question 20

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in
A)heart stoppage or respiratory failure.
B)a loss of hearing ability.
C)a loss of muscular coordination.
D)having blind spots in one's vision.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. Damage to it would likely result in a loss of muscular coordination, not the other symptoms listed.

Quiz 2: Brain and Behavior

Christina enviously watches her tennis rival practice. She admires Sarina's control of the racket and finely coordinated movement. Having just covered the section on the brain in her psychology class, Christina states that Sarina must have a highly developed

The first symptom(s) of a crippling disease called spinocerebellar degeneration

Musicians, who practice special motor skills throughout their lives, have a larger than average

Severe damage to which of the following parts of the brain would most likely result in death?

Jordan has developed a noticeable tremor and is experiencing dizziness and muscular weakness. Her doctor tells her that she has a crippling disease that will eventual progress to the point that she will have difficulty standing, walking, or feeding herself. Jordan most likely has

The cerebellum stores which type of memory?

The reticular formation (RF) is associated with

At age 33, Kate Adamson had a stroke that caused catastrophic damage to her brainstem. She was totally paralyzed and barely able to breathe but was still fully awake and aware. Kate Adamson was experiencing what is known as

Although there is growing evidence of its role in cognition and emotion, which part of the brain primarily regulates posture, muscle tone, and muscular coordination?

A karate chop to an area at the top of the neck could stop a person's heart and breathing by damaging the

The pons acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas and influences

Weeks after an automobile accident, a friend continues to have difficulty maintaining balance and coordinating movements. You should suspect that damage may have occurred to the

As the spinal cord joins the brain, it widens into the

Which of the following parts of the brain looks like a small bump on the brainstem and acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas?

Which part of the brain stores memories related to skills and habits?

At age 33, Kate Adamson had a stroke that resulted in a locked-in syndrome, in which one moment she was fine and the next totally paralyzed and barely able to breathe. The stroke had damaged which part of Kate Adamson's brain?

The brainstem consists mainly of the

The reflex control centers for vital life functions like heart rate and breathing are found in the

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in