Question 1

Binders in some fibers chemically link to which of the following, making them unavailable for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Zinc and calcium are minerals that can bind to dietary fiber, making them unavailable for absorption.

Question 2

If Steven needs 2100 calories per day to maintain his weight, how many grams of total carbohydrate should he consume daily to meet DRI Committee recommendations?

Accepted Answer

The DRI Committee recommends that 45-65% of total daily calories should come from carbohydrates. For a 2100 calorie diet, this translates to 945-1365 calories from carbohydrates. Since each gram of carbohydrate provides 4 calories, this equates to 236-341 grams of carbohydrates per day.

Question 3

Florence is a wise consumer who follows her personalized MyPlate eating plan carefully. Her daily limit for empty calories is small, and since she had a ham and cheddar cheese sandwich and chocolate pudding at lunch, she chooses _____ for dessert after dinner.

Accepted Answer

Fresh pineapple is a healthier option with fewer empty calories compared to the other choices, aligning with her goal to limit empty calorie intake.

Question 4

Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of _____ when _____ is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells.

Accepted Answer

Ketone bodies are produced from the incomplete breakdown of fat when glucose is unavailable for the brain and nerve cells, typically during fasting or low-carbohydrate diets.

Question 5

All of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia except :

Accepted Answer

Mental sharpness is not a symptom of hypoglycemia; instead, confusion or difficulty concentrating is more common.

Question 6

A general principle that can help in choosing carbohydrates (and foods in general) is to eat a primarily _____, _____ diet.

Accepted Answer

A whole-food, plant-based diet is generally recommended for its health benefits, as it emphasizes natural, minimally processed foods and a variety of plant foods.

Question 7

What value is choosing "good carbohydrates" with a low glycemic index?

Accepted Answer

Foods with a low glycemic index digest more slowly, increasing satiety, and help diabetics regulate blood sugar levels.

Question 8

Which artificial sweetener is mismatched with its trade name?

Accepted Answer

Sucralose is marketed under the trade name Splenda, not Equal. Equal is the trade name for aspartame.

Question 9

Which of the following types of foods, if eaten alone, tends to have the highest glycemic index?

Accepted Answer

Refined grains tend to have the highest glycemic index because they are processed and have had most of their fiber and nutrients removed, leading to quicker digestion and a rapid increase in blood sugar levels.

Question 10

Martha is always trying to avoid sugar and believes it is responsible for making her overweight, giving her husband diabetes, and causing hyperactivity in her grandchildren. Which of the following conditions is sugar actually the cause of?

Accepted Answer

Sugar is a well-known cause of tooth decay, as it contributes to the formation of plaque and cavities. However, it is not directly responsible for diabetes, hyperactivity, or heart disease, although it can contribute to these conditions indirectly through poor dietary habits.

Question 11

All of the following are characteristics of type 2 diabetes except :

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes can affect both adults and children, especially with rising obesity rates among younger populations.

Question 12

Janice just had a baby girl and has trouble getting her to sleep at night. She has started putting her to bed with a bottle of formula. Is this a good idea?

Accepted Answer

Putting a baby to bed with a bottle can lead to tooth decay because the carbohydrates in the formula can remain on the teeth, promoting cavities.

Question 13

Which of the following foods, if eaten alone, will most likely cause your blood sugar to spike rapidly?

Accepted Answer

Waffles are high in refined carbohydrates and sugars, which can cause a rapid spike in blood sugar levels when consumed alone.

Question 14

When blood sugar levels rise, _____ is secreted, and when blood sugar levels fall, _____ is secreted.

Accepted Answer

When blood sugar levels rise, glucagon is secreted, and when blood sugar levels fall, insulin is secreted.

Question 15

The greatest single source of added sugars in the American diet is:

Accepted Answer

Regular soft drinks are the greatest single source of added sugars in the American diet, contributing significantly more than other sources like fruit drinks, cakes, or candy.

Question 16

Sue is concerned about her children's teeth after their first dental checkups. Her 2 year old already has a cavity and her 4 year old needs to brush better. What else should Sue's children do to prevent tooth decay?

Accepted Answer

Rinsing their mouths with water after eating can help remove food particles and reduce the risk of tooth decay.

Question 17

Why is type 2 diabetes affecting an increasing number of children and adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes is increasingly affecting children and adolescents primarily due to rising obesity rates, which are linked to poor diet and lack of physical activity.

Question 18

Which organ secretes glucagon and insulin in response to changing blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas secretes glucagon and insulin to regulate blood glucose levels.

Question 19

Which of the following conditions is not a symptom of metabolic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism is not a symptom of metabolic syndrome; it is a separate endocrine disorder. Metabolic syndrome typically includes insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and abnormal blood lipids.

Question 20

Which organ regulates the amount of glucose circulating in the blood by either synthesizing glycogen or breaking down glycogen?

Accepted Answer

The liver regulates blood glucose levels by synthesizing glycogen when glucose is abundant and breaking down glycogen to release glucose when needed.

Quiz 4: The Carbohydrates: Sugar, Starch, and Fiber