Question 1

The most common control mechanism to prevent overproduction or underproduction of hormones is
A) positive feedback.
B) opposing interaction.
C) negative feedback.
D) synergistic interaction.
E) permissive interaction.

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback is the most common control mechanism in the endocrine system, where the output of a process inhibits or reduces the activity of the process itself, thus maintaining homeostasis by preventing overproduction or underproduction of hormones.

Question 2

The word hormone comes from the Greek word meaning
A) target.
B) response.
C) secretion.
D) set in motion.
E) internal gland.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Estrogen and progesterone exhibit which type of hormone interaction?
A) synergistic
B) permissive
C) opposing
D) unrelating
E) mutual

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

Target cells
A) are found only in specific endocrine glands.
B) are equipped with specific receptor molecules.
C) are muscle cells.
D) may occur in any part of the body.
E) are equipped with specific receptor molecules and may occur in any part of the body.

Accepted Answer

Target cells are cells that have specific receptors for hormones, allowing them to respond to hormonal signals. These cells can be located throughout the body, not just in specific endocrine glands.

Question 5

The relationship between two hormones where one can only work on a target cell after the second has "primed" it is referred to as
A) opposing interaction.
B) synergistic interaction.
C) permissive interaction.
D) mutualistic interaction.
E) commensal interaction.

Accepted Answer

A permissive interaction is when one hormone enhances the target cell's response to a second hormone, effectively "priming" it.

Question 6

Steroid hormones are derived from
A) free fatty acids.
B) cortisol.
C) tyrosine.
D) cholesterol.
E) alanine.

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, which serves as the precursor for their synthesis.

Question 7

Which of the following organs of the endocrine system secretes thyroxine and calcitonin?
A) pituitary gland
B) pancreas
C) hypothalamus
D) adrenal glands
E) thyroid gland

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which regulates metabolism, and calcitonin, which helps regulate calcium levels in the blood.

Question 8

Most hormones are distributed throughout the body by the
A) exocrine system.
B) lymphatic system.
C) nervous system.
D) blood system.
E) integumentary system.

Accepted Answer

Hormones are typically distributed throughout the body via the blood system, as they are secreted into the bloodstream by endocrine glands and travel to target organs or tissues.

Question 9

Which of the following organs of the endocrine system secretes cortisol and aldosterone?
A) pituitary gland
B) pancreas
C) pineal gland
D) adrenal glands
E) thyroid gland

Accepted Answer

The adrenal glands secrete cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone involved in stress response, metabolism, and immune response, while aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that helps regulate blood pressure by controlling sodium and potassium levels.

Question 10

Diabetes mellitus is
A) a(n) endocrine disorder in which too much insulin is taken in by cells.
B) a(n) endocrine disorder in which too little insulin is taken in by cells.
C) the same as Type II diabetes.
D) the results of obesity.
E) a disease of the liver.

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by insufficient insulin action, either due to inadequate insulin production or poor cellular response to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.

Question 11

The important feature of all cells that react to a specific hormone is (are) the
A) type of blood supply they receive.
B) proximity of the endocrine gland.
C) presence of an appropriate receptor molecule.
D) characteristics of their plasma membranes.
E) presence of specific genes responsive to the hormone.

Accepted Answer

Cells that react to a specific hormone must have the appropriate receptor molecule for that hormone, allowing them to recognize and respond to the hormone's signal.

Question 12

Which of the following organs of the endocrine system secretes several hormones and stores two hormones produced by the hypothalamus?
A) pituitary gland
B) pancreas
C) pineal gland
D) adrenal glands
E) thyroid gland

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland secretes several hormones and stores two hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) produced by the hypothalamus.

Question 13

Although most hormones work at sites distant from where they are secreted, some work locally, such as
A) follicle stimulating hormone.
B) prostaglandin.
C) luteinizing hormone.
D) thyroid stimulating hormone.
E) adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandins are local hormones that act on nearby cells.

Question 14

Insulin and glucagon exhibit which type of hormone interaction?
A) synergistic
B) permissive
C) opposing
D) unrelating
E) mutual

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon have opposing effects on blood glucose levels; insulin decreases blood glucose, while glucagon increases it.

Question 15

Prolactin, oxytocin, and estrogen exhibit which type of hormone interaction?
A) synergistic
B) permissive
C) opposing
D) unrelating
E) mutual

Accepted Answer

Prolactin, oxytocin, and estrogen exhibit a synergistic interaction as they work together to facilitate processes like lactation, where each hormone enhances the effect of the others.

Question 16

Amine hormones are modified
A) amino acids.
B) free fatty acids.
C) cholesterol.
D) sugars.
E) starches.

Accepted Answer

Amine hormones are derived from amino acids, specifically tyrosine and tryptophan.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?
A) Although hormones are carried to all parts of the body, they produce effects only in cells with proper receptors.
B) Hormones are limited to steroid compounds.
C) Hormones are secreted by specialized exocrine glands.
D) Most hormones are controlled by positive feedback mechanisms involving the pituitary gland.
E) Hormones are supplied to the body in the diet.

Accepted Answer

Hormones affect only target cells that have specific receptors for them, allowing for precise regulation of physiological processes.

Question 18

Which of the following organs of the endocrine system secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones?
A) pituitary gland
B) pancreas
C) hypothalamus
D) adrenal glands
E) thyroid gland

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the pituitary gland's function.

Question 19

Which of the following organs of the endocrine system secretes melatonin?
A) pituitary gland
B) pancreas
C) pineal gland
D) adrenal glands
E) thyroid gland

Accepted Answer

The pineal gland secretes melatonin, which is a hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles.

Question 20

The relationship between two hormones that work together is referred to as
A) opposing interaction.
B) synergistic interaction.
C) permissive interaction.
D) mutualistic interaction.
E) commensal interaction.

Accepted Answer

Synergistic interaction refers to the relationship where two hormones work together to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.

Quiz 15: The Endocrine System

The most common control mechanism to prevent overproduction or underproduction of hormones is

The word hormone comes from the Greek word meaning

Estrogen and progesterone exhibit which type of hormone interaction?

Target cells

The relationship between two hormones where one can only work on a target cell after the second has "primed" it is referred to as

Steroid hormones are derived from

Which of the following organs of the endocrine system secretes thyroxine and calcitonin?

Most hormones are distributed throughout the body by the

Which of the following organs of the endocrine system secretes cortisol and aldosterone?

Diabetes mellitus is

The important feature of all cells that react to a specific hormone is (are) the

Which of the following organs of the endocrine system secretes several hormones and stores two hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

Although most hormones work at sites distant from where they are secreted, some work locally, such as

Insulin and glucagon exhibit which type of hormone interaction?

Prolactin, oxytocin, and estrogen exhibit which type of hormone interaction?

Amine hormones are modified

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following organs of the endocrine system secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones?

Which of the following organs of the endocrine system secretes melatonin?

The relationship between two hormones that work together is referred to as