Question 1

Extinction of a classically conditioned response occurs
A)with the passage of time.
B)when the subject becomes sensitized to the CR.
C)when the CS is presented without the US.
D)when the subject habituates to the UR.

Accepted Answer

Extinction of a classically conditioned response occurs when the CS is presented without the US. This means that the previously learned association between the CS and US is broken and as a result, the CR gradually disappears. The other options (A, B, and D) either do not accurately describe the process of extinction or refer to other phenomena (e.g. habituation, sensitization).

Question 2

The evidence suggests that extinction is
A)the opposite of inhibition.
B)unlearning of a conditioned response.
C)unlearning of a CS-US relationship.
D)new learning.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Which of the following leaves a subject most susceptible to spontaneous recovery from extinction?
A)massed extinction trials
B)spaced extinction trials
C)extinction trials conducted after a delay
D)all of the above help prevent spontaneous recovery

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

Bob successfully completed an in-patient treatment program for smoking.In fact, he had not had a craving for over two weeks.However, on his way to the office he passed a group of teenagers smoking on the corner.When he smelled the smoke, he immediately went to buy a pack of cigarettes.Why?
A)the reinstatement effect
B)the restoration of extinction effect
C)the frustration effect
D)the spontaneous recovery effect

Accepted Answer

The reinstatement effect refers to the reappearance of a previously extinguished behavior when an individual is exposed to the original stimulus that had been associated with the behavior. In this case, the smell of cigarette smoke was the stimulus that had been associated with smoking for Bob, and it triggered the reinstatement of his smoking behavior.

Question 5

Reinstatement of an extinguished response to a CS involves
A)simply letting time pass.
B)administering a protein synthesis inhibitor.
C)exposing the participant to the US.
D)extinguishing other non-target responses.

Accepted Answer

To reinstate an extinguished response to a CS, the participant needs to be exposed to the US again. This can cause the previously extinguished response to reappear. Choice A (simply letting time pass) and Choice D (extinguishing other non-target responses) are not effective ways to reinstate an extinguished response. Administering a protein synthesis inhibitor (Choice B) may inhibit the formation of new memories but would not reinstate an extinguished response.

Question 6

Bobby accidentally extinguished a behavior he really enjoyed his dog performing.To reinstate this behavior he should
A)administer a protein synthesis inhibitor.
B)expose his dog to the training US.
C)conduct more extinction trials.
D)none of the above will work

Accepted Answer

Exposing the dog to the training US (stimulus that originally elicited the behavior) can help reinstate the behavior that was extinguished. The other choices, such as administering a protein synthesis inhibitor or conducting more extinction trials, are not likely to be effective in this situation.

Question 7

Sally was terribly afraid of cats before going into therapy.Over several trips to a psychologist's office, the psychologist was able to extinguish her fear of cats.However, when she returned home after the last session, a cat was waiting on her porch, and she panicked.This is likely due to the therapist forgetting about
A)restoration effects.
B)flooding effects.
C)renewal effects.
D)frustration effects.

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon where a fear response returns in a previously extinct situation, such as in this case when Sally encountered a cat on her porch after therapy, is known as renewal effects. This may happen because the extinction learning is context dependent and the therapist may not have exposed Sally to cats in her actual environment during therapy sessions, leading to the fear response returning in the real world context.

Question 8

A rat had been reinforced for lever press behaviors.After one day of extinction training, the rat was demonstrating very low levels of responding.When the rat was returned to the test cage the next day, there was a small recovery in the rate of responding.This increase is called
A)spontaneous recovery.
B)dishabituation.
C)disinhibition.
D)the extinction burst.

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a behavior after it has gone through a period of extinction. It is a small but temporary increase in the behavior and can occur even after a single extinction session. Dishabituation is when a previously habituated response returns after experiencing a novel stimulus, which is not the case here. Disinhibition is a phenomenon where the suppression of a behavior is reduced by weakening the inhibitory neurons, which is also not applicable here. The extinction burst refers to an initial temporary increase in the behavior when the reinforcement is withheld, which is not the case here as the rat had already gone through one day of extinction training.

Question 9

Following 10 days of excitatory Pavlovian conditioning, subjects are given 15 extinction trials.Test trials of conditioned responding are then conducted.For one group, the test trials occurred immediately after extinction; for another, test trials were delayed for one week.What are the likely findings?
A)The delayed group showed less conditioned responding due to forgetting.
B)The delayed group showed less conditioned responding due to increased frustration.
C)The delayed group showed more conditioned responding.
D)The groups will not differ in the amount of conditioned responding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following 10 days of excitatory Pavlovian conditioning,...

Question 10

Sally worked hard to overcome her taste aversion to cashews.Unfortunately, she caught a stomach bug, was ill, and now finds that she cannot bear to be around cashews again.This demonstrates
A)spontaneous recovery.
B)renewal.
C)reinstatement.
D)resurgence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sally worked hard to overcome her taste...

Question 11

Spontaneous recovery following extinction of a classically conditioned response
A)typically restores responding to pre-extinction levels.
B)typically leads to incomplete recovery of responding.
C)demonstrates that CS-US relationships are disrupted due to extinction.
D)demonstrates that subjects unlearn only excitatory associations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Spontaneous recovery following extinction of a classically...

Question 12

According to the concept of renewal,
A)frustration has only minor effects on extinction.
B)contextual cues are important only for excitatory associations.
C)a change in context after extinction will recover acquisition performance.
D)S-S associations are developed in acquisition and disrupted by extinction.

Accepted Answer

The concept of renewal suggests that a change in context after extinction will recover acquisition performance, indicating the importance of contextual cues for extinction and recovery of associations. Frustration has been shown to have significant effects on extinction, so option A is incorrect. Contextual cues are important for both excitatory and inhibitory associations, so option B is incorrect. S-S associations are developed in classical conditioning and are not directly related to extinction, so option D is also incorrect.

Question 13

A pigeon has been trained to peck a key for food reinforcement on a continuous schedule of reinforcement.If the pigeon is allowed to peck the key but food is no longer provided, what will happen?
A)The pigeon will begin to vary its responses.
B)The pigeon will learn that pecking does not lead to food.
C)The pigeon will learn that the key and food are no longer associated.
D)The pigeon will steadily increase its conditioned response rate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pigeon has been trained to peck...

Question 14

You have trained your goldfish to swim through a hoop placed in the tank by providing a dried fly every time it does so.Your little brother takes care of your fish for a week and forgets to give the fish any flies when it swims through the hoop when he puts it in the tank.If you were to test your fish for hoop swimming behavior and wanted to see the most responses, you should
A)wait a few days before putting the hoop in the tank.
B)test the fish immediately to counteract any forgetting.
C)test your fish immediately to counteract frustration.
D)buy a new fish and try again.

Accepted Answer

Waiting a few days before putting the hoop in the tank will allow the goldfish to "forget" about the routine and be more motivated to swim through the hoop when it is reintroduced. This is known as extinction and can lead to an increase in behavior if the reinforcer (dried fly) is reintroduced after a period of time without it. Testing the fish immediately could counteract any forgetting, but it would not necessarily result in the most responses since the fish may not be as motivated. Counteracting frustration is not necessary in this scenario, and buying a new fish is not an appropriate or ethical solution.

Question 15

Which of the following is not likely to occur due to an extinction procedure?
A)The subject learns the CS and US are no longer associated.
B)The subject increases the variety of responses it makes.
C)The subject decreases the number of conditioned responses it makes.
D)The subject becomes aggressive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not likely...

Question 16

Sally put her money in the soda machine but nothing came out.To her brother's surprise, she gave the machine a powerful kick.You realize she was demonstrating
A)an extinction burst.
B)frustrative aggression.
C)the partial reinforcement extinction effect.
D)differential reinforcement of a low rate.

Accepted Answer

Sally's aggressive behavior towards the soda machine after it didn't dispense her drink is an example of frustrative aggression. She became frustrated because her expectation of receiving a soda was not met, and she vented her frustration through aggression towards the machine. The other options do not explain Sally's behavior as well as frustrative aggression.

Question 17

Resurgence of an extinguished response occurs when
A)time simply passes.
B)other responses are also extinguished.
C)subjects are inadvertently exposed to the training US.
D)subjects are exposed to the training contexts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Resurgence of an extinguished response occurs when
A)time...

Question 18

Bobby was running at the swimming pool.The life guard extinguished this attention seeking behavior by ignoring Bobby, and gave Bobby a game to play to keep him busy.Soon, Bobby became bored with the game and started running again.This recovery of an extinguished behavior most resembles
A)spontaneous recovery.
B)reinstatement.
C)renewal.
D)resurgence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bobby was running at the swimming pool.The...

Question 19

If after extinction trials a subject is exposed to the US,
A)there will be reinstatement of conditioned responding.
B)there will be further decreases of conditioned responding due to negative CS/US contingencies.
C)the initial CS-US relationship will be strengthened.
D)the context will lose excitatory strength.

Accepted Answer

Reinstatement of conditioned responding occurs when a previously extinguished response reemerges after exposure to the US. This can happen even if the CS is not presented again, as the US can elicit the conditioned response on its own.

Question 20

The term for the emotional reaction to withdrawal of an expected reward is
A)anger.
B)frustration.
C)anticipated fear.
D)withdrawal.

Accepted Answer

Frustration is the term for the emotional reaction to withdrawal of an expected reward. Anger may sometimes accompany frustration, but it is not the specific term used to describe this reaction. Anticipated fear and withdrawal are not related to the concept of frustration.

Quiz 9: Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Extinction of a classically conditioned response occurs

The evidence suggests that extinction is

Which of the following leaves a subject most susceptible to spontaneous recovery from extinction?

Bob successfully completed an in-patient treatment program for smoking.In fact, he had not had a craving for over two weeks.However, on his way to the office he passed a group of teenagers smoking on the corner.When he smelled the smoke, he immediately went to buy a pack of cigarettes.Why?

Reinstatement of an extinguished response to a CS involves

Bobby accidentally extinguished a behavior he really enjoyed his dog performing.To reinstate this behavior he should

A rat had been reinforced for lever press behaviors.After one day of extinction training, the rat was demonstrating very low levels of responding.When the rat was returned to the test cage the next day, there was a small recovery in the rate of responding.This increase is called

Sally worked hard to overcome her taste aversion to cashews.Unfortunately, she caught a stomach bug, was ill, and now finds that she cannot bear to be around cashews again.This demonstrates

Spontaneous recovery following extinction of a classically conditioned response

According to the concept of renewal,

A pigeon has been trained to peck a key for food reinforcement on a continuous schedule of reinforcement.If the pigeon is allowed to peck the key but food is no longer provided, what will happen?

Which of the following is not likely to occur due to an extinction procedure?

Sally put her money in the soda machine but nothing came out.To her brother's surprise, she gave the machine a powerful kick.You realize she was demonstrating

Resurgence of an extinguished response occurs when

Bobby was running at the swimming pool.The life guard extinguished this attention seeking behavior by ignoring Bobby, and gave Bobby a game to play to keep him busy.Soon, Bobby became bored with the game and started running again.This recovery of an extinguished behavior most resembles

If after extinction trials a subject is exposed to the US,

The term for the emotional reaction to withdrawal of an expected reward is