Question 1

What is the name of a searchable biomedical database that can be used to find out important details about the source of a study?
A)NutrInfo
B)StudySource
C)PubMed
D)BioBase

Accepted Answer

PubMed is a widely-used and searchable biomedical database that provides details about the source of a study, including the authors, institution, funding sources, and more. It is a reliable source for evaluating the credibility and trustworthiness of a study. NutrInfo and BioBase are not specific biomedical databases, and StudySource does not appear to exist as a known resource.

Question 2

Studying phenomena within living organisms is referred to as studies conducted _____
A)in vitro
B)in vivo
C)randomly
D)organically

Accepted Answer

"In vivo" refers to studies conducted within living organisms, while "in vitro" refers to studies conducted outside of living organisms, typically in a laboratory setting. "Randomly" and "organically" do not relate to the specific type of study being conducted.

Question 3

Which term refers to contagious diseases that are caused by pathogens?
A)Chronic
B)Infectious
C)Persistent
D)Acute

Accepted Answer

Infectious diseases are caused by a pathogen that can be spread from person to person. Chronic diseases last for a long time while persistent diseases recur over time. Acute diseases start suddenly and have severe symptoms.

Question 4

What do researchers call the shift from undernutrition to overnutrition or unbalanced nutrition as a society becomes more industrialized?
A)Negative shift
B)Nutrition evolution
C)Nutrition transition
D)Positive shift

Accepted Answer

The shift from undernutrition to overnutrition as a society becomes more industrialized is called nutrition transition. This term refers to the changes in dietary intake, physical activity, and nutritional status that occur as a society undergoes economic and social development. As people shift from rural, agricultural lifestyles to urban, industrialized lifestyles, they tend to consume more processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages, and engage in less physical activity. This shift in diet and lifestyle can lead to an increase in chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.

Question 5

Mark is a participant in a human intervention study that is testing the impact of selenium supplements on the performance of endurance athletes Though Mark does not know if he is receiving selenium or an inactive sugar pill, he is sure that it is the tablet that he is taking that has helped him shave several minutes off his usual marathon time What effect is Mark experiencing?
A)Thornburg
B)Placebo
C)Predisposition
D)Hawthorne

Accepted Answer

Mark is experiencing the placebo effect, where he believes the tablet he is taking is improving his performance, even though he may be receiving an inactive sugar pill.

Question 6

What is a "fake" or imitation treatment called?
A)Replica
B)Synthetic
C)Mock
D)Placebo

Accepted Answer

A fake or imitation treatment is called a placebo. It is often used in clinical trials as a control group to compare the effectiveness of the treatment being tested. Placebos are usually inert substances such as sugar pills or saline solutions that do not have any therapeutic effect. The purpose is to determine if the observed effect of the treatment is due to the treatment itself or simply the placebo effect.

Question 7

Refer to the figure to answer questions
-According to the figure, the infant mortality rate decreased:
A)from 1900-1950 and then increased slightly between 1950 and 1960.
B)from 100 deaths per 1000 births per year in 1900 to about 30 in 1950.
C)from 75 deaths per 1000 births per year in 1960 to about 15 in 1980.
D)more between 1990 and 2000 than between 1970 and 1980.

Accepted Answer

The figure shows that the infant mortality rate decreased from about 100 deaths per 1000 births per year in 1900 to about 30 in 1950. It does not provide information on any increase between 1950 and 1960, nor does it show a decrease from 75 deaths per 1000 births per year in 1960 to about 15 in 1980. Additionally, the figure does not allow for a comparison of changes between 1990 and 2000 and between 1970 and 1980.

Question 8

Chris turned in a paper on the benefits of organically raised produce; however, he lost points because his references included several articles that quoted data from other studies What was Chris's error?
A)He chose references that were not primary sources.
B)The research was not conducted by a scientist.
C)The references he chose included funding source bias.
D)The research was not supported by reputable organizations.

Accepted Answer

Chris's error was that he chose references that were not primary sources. Quoting data from other studies is not necessarily a problem, but if those studies are not primary sources, it can take away from the credibility and reliability of the information presented.

Question 9

If a group of farmers who grow oranges helps fund a university-based research project to determine the amount of vitamin C contained in fresh vs frozen orange juice, it is appropriate to _____
A)determine if the funding group influenced the research findings
B)discount the research as being biased
C)trust the findings since the research was university based
D)discount the research because it was not government funded

Accepted Answer

The potential for bias exists whenever a group with a vested interest funds research, making it important to assess if and how the funding group might have influenced the research findings.

Question 10

-What is used to measure and assess illness over a span of time?
A)Mortality rates
B)Migration patterns
C)Infection patterns
D)Morbidity rates

Accepted Answer

Morbidity rates are used to measure and assess the prevalence and incidence of illness in a population over a period of time.

Question 11

Refer to the figure to answer questions
-According to the figure, which of the following is an accurate statement? Per 100,000 people per year,
A)fewer people died from diarrhea in 1902 than from accidents in 2007.
B)fewer people died from cancer in 1950 than in 2007.
C)more people died from heart disease in 2007 than in 1950.
D)more people died from strokes in 1950 than in 1902.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  
Refer to the figure to answer...

Question 12

The number of people who are newly diagnosed with a disease in a given period of time is referred to as the _____ of that disease
A)incidence
B)prevalence
C)pervasiveness
D)inclusion

Accepted Answer

The incidence of a disease refers to the number of new cases that are diagnosed within a specific period of time, usually a year. Prevalence, on the other hand, refers to the total number of people who have the disease within a given population at a specific point in time, regardless of when they were diagnosed. Pervasiveness and inclusion are not commonly used epidemiological terms.

Question 13

Which term describes a study where neither the researcher nor the participants know who is in the treatment group and who is not?
A)Randomized-trial
B)Placebo-controlled
C)Double-blind
D)Researcher-protected

Accepted Answer

A study where neither the researcher nor the participants know who is in the treatment group and who is not is called a double-blind study. This helps to reduce bias and ensure the validity of the results by preventing the researcher or participants from consciously or unconsciously affecting the outcomes. The randomized-trial and placebo-controlled terms refer to different aspects of experimental design and do not necessarily imply blinding. The term "researcher-protected" is not a commonly used scientific term.

Question 14

Which of the following publications is the preferred source for reputable information about nutrition and other sciences?
A)Daily newspapers
B)Books written by well-known authors
C)Peer-reviewed journals
D)Product information inserts

Accepted Answer

Peer-reviewed journals are the preferred source for reputable information about nutrition and other sciences. These publications undergo a rigorous evaluation process by experts in the field before being published, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the information presented. Daily newspapers and product information inserts may contain biased or incomplete information, while books written by well-known authors may not undergo the same level of peer review and may present personal opinions rather than scientific evidence.

Question 15

The major causes of disability and death in the US are currently:
A)smoking and accidents.
B)HIV/AIDS and infectious diseases.
C)heart disease and cancer.
D)diabetes and obesity.

Accepted Answer

Heart disease and cancer are currently the leading causes of disability and death in the US, accounting for the majority of deaths annually. Smoking, HIV/AIDS, infectious diseases, diabetes, and obesity are also significant contributors to morbidity and mortality in the US, but to a lesser extent than heart disease and cancer.

Question 16

Refer to the figure to answer questions
-According to the figure, the greatest gains in life expectancy occurred _____
A)before 1900
B)between 1900 and 1950
C)between 1960 and 1980
D)after 2000

Accepted Answer

The figure shows a significant increase in life expectancy between 1900 and 1950, with the greatest gains occurring during this time period. While there were smaller increases in life expectancy between 1960 and 1980 and after 2000, they were not as significant as the gains made during the first half of the 20th century. Therefore, the best choice is B) between 1900 and 1950.

Question 17

In the US today, we are facing a rising incidence of illnesses that develop slowly and continue for a long time Which term refers to this type of disease?
A)Persistent
B)Malnutrition
C)Chronic
D)Infectious

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseases develop slowly and persist for a long time, often without a clear cure. Examples include heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Malnutrition refers to a lack of proper nutrients in the body, while infectious diseases are caused by pathogens and can be spread from person to person.

Question 18

Random assignment of participants to treatment or control groups is important because it distributes _____ equally among study groups
A)confounding variables
B)men and women
C)subjects with different ethnic backgrounds
D)consequence factors

Accepted Answer

Randomly assigning participants to treatment or control groups helps ensure that any potential confounding variables (factors that could influence the outcome) are distributed equally among the groups, which increases the validity and reliability of the study's results. Gender, ethnicity, and consequence factors may or may not be equally distributed even with random assignment.

Question 19

Scientists use many techniques to decrease bias in studies What do scientists call the technique in which the participants do not know if they are receiving the actual treatment or a fake?
A)Blinding
B)Randomization
C)Use of control groups
D)Use of placebos

Accepted Answer

Blinding is the technique where participants do not know whether they are receiving the actual treatment or a placebo, thus reducing bias.

Question 20

The first place that information was reported or published is called the _____
A)foundation document
B)principal document
C)key source
D)primary source

Accepted Answer

The term "primary source" refers to the first place that information was reported or published. This could include things like historical documents, eyewitness accounts, or original research studies. It is considered the most direct and reliable type of information, as it comes straight from the source.

Quiz 1: The Science of Nutrition

What is the name of a searchable biomedical database that can be used to find out important details about the source of a study?

Studying phenomena within living organisms is referred to as studies conducted _____

Which term refers to contagious diseases that are caused by pathogens?

What do researchers call the shift from undernutrition to overnutrition or unbalanced nutrition as a society becomes more industrialized?

What is a "fake" or imitation treatment called?

Refer to the figure to answer questions -According to the figure, the infant mortality rate decreased:

Chris turned in a paper on the benefits of organically raised produce; however, he lost points because his references included several articles that quoted data from other studies What was Chris's error?

If a group of farmers who grow oranges helps fund a university-based research project to determine the amount of vitamin C contained in fresh vs frozen orange juice, it is appropriate to _____

-What is used to measure and assess illness over a span of time?

Refer to the figure to answer questions -According to the figure, which of the following is an accurate statement? Per 100,000 people per year,

The number of people who are newly diagnosed with a disease in a given period of time is referred to as the _____ of that disease

Which term describes a study where neither the researcher nor the participants know who is in the treatment group and who is not?

Which of the following publications is the preferred source for reputable information about nutrition and other sciences?

The major causes of disability and death in the US are currently:

Refer to the figure to answer questions -According to the figure, the greatest gains in life expectancy occurred _____

In the US today, we are facing a rising incidence of illnesses that develop slowly and continue for a long time Which term refers to this type of disease?

Random assignment of participants to treatment or control groups is important because it distributes _____ equally among study groups

Scientists use many techniques to decrease bias in studies What do scientists call the technique in which the participants do not know if they are receiving the actual treatment or a fake?

The first place that information was reported or published is called the _____