Question 1

Floyd Allport made all of the following contributions to the establishment of social psychology EXCEPT that he

Accepted Answer

Floyd Allport did not create the first social psychology laboratory at Harvard University. This distinction belongs to his colleague, Gordon Allport (who was also his brother).

Question 2

Which two figures were most responsible for bringing the previously unrespectable subject of mesmerism/hypnotism into the scientific mainstream?

Accepted Answer

James Braid and Jean Charcot were most responsible for bringing mesmerism/hypnotism into the scientific mainstream. Braid, a Scottish physician, coined the term "hypnotism" and conducted extensive research on the subject. Charcot, a French neurologist, used hypnosis in his clinical work and helped establish it as a legitimate area of study within the medical community.

Question 3

The experiments of __________ were partly inspired by concerns arising from events arising in Nazi Germany during World War II.

Accepted Answer

The experiments of Solomon Asch and Stanley Milgram were partly motivated by concerns raised by the events of World War II, including the need to understand why so many ordinary people participated in or supported the atrocities committed by the Nazis.

Question 4

What was Franz Mesmer's baquet?

Accepted Answer

Franz Mesmer's baquet was a tub filled with iron filings, around which his clients gathered in groups. He claimed that the baquet created an invisible magnetic fluid that could be transferred to his patients, thereby curing them of various ailments.

Question 5

Le Bon recommended that crowd leaders make use of which of the following practices or attitudes to maximize their effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

Le Bon recommended that crowd leaders make use of affirmation, repetition, and pre-placing of followers in the crowd in order to maximize their effectiveness. These tactics help to create a sense of unity and conformity within the crowd, and make it easier for the leader to control the behavior of the group. Sincerity, fervor, enthusiasm, and reason may also be effective tactics, but they were not specifically mentioned by Le Bon as being the most important strategies for crowd leadership.

Question 6

Binet and Henri's experiments showed that children's reported recall of recently observed stimuli was

Accepted Answer

The answer of Binet and Henri's experiments showed that children's...

Question 7

Floyd Allport was invited in 1921 by __________ to become co-editor of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology.

Accepted Answer

Floyd Allport was invited by Morton Prince in 1921 to become co-editor of the Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Morton Prince was a pioneer in the field of abnormal psychology, and his invitation to Allport signified recognition of Allport's contributions to the field.

Question 8

Which person became an important critic of the Salpêtrière School,following a visit on which he observed blatant examples of patients being manipulated by suggestion?

Accepted Answer

Joseph Delboeuf became a significant critic of the Salpêtrière School after witnessing patients being manipulated by suggestion during his visit, leading him to challenge the methods and conclusions of the school.

Question 9

Solomon Asch's experiments showed that his subjects' greatest tendency to conform in giving incorrect responses occurred when they were outnumbered by

Accepted Answer

Asch's experiments showed that the greatest tendency to conform occurred when subjects were outnumbered by a unanimous majority of seven.

Question 10

In the aftermath of the furor aroused by his obedience research,Stanley Milgram conducted studies of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

After the controversy surrounding his obedience experiments, Stanley Milgram conducted research on the "small world" phenomenon, which is best known through the concept of "six degrees of separation," exploring the average path length for social networks of people in the United States.

Question 11

Festinger and his colleagues discovered that the most effective way to change people's attitudes about something was to

Accepted Answer

Festinger and his colleagues found that the most effective way to change people's attitudes about something was to get them to publicly express a contrary attitude for a small reward. This concept is known as cognitive dissonance. By publicly expressing a different opinion, individuals may begin to internalize and believe that opinion, which can lead to a shift in their attitudes.

Question 12

The notion that groups or crowds could constitute superorganisms or group minds going beyond the combined reactions of their individual members was referred to by __________ as the __________.

Accepted Answer

Floyd Allport referred to the idea that groups or crowds could act as superorganisms or possess a group mind, which transcends the reactions of individual members, as the "group fallacy." This concept criticizes the notion of collective behavior as being more than the sum of individual actions within a group.

Question 13

Who conducted the earliest laboratory studies investigating suggestibility and social influence?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet conducted the earliest laboratory studies on suggestibility, significantly contributing to the understanding of social influence and how individuals can be influenced by suggestions.

Question 14

Who,after learning a painful personal lesson about the effects of unintended suggestion in experiments,came to refer to such suggestions as "the cholera of psychology"?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet, after recognizing the significant impact that unintended suggestions could have on experimental outcomes, notably in his psychological research, referred to such suggestions as "the cholera of psychology." This realization highlighted the importance of controlling for such variables to ensure the integrity of psychological experiments.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of crowds,compared to individuals,according to Le Bon?

Accepted Answer

Crowds are generally characterized by heightened suggestibility and intellectual inferiority, but not increased timidity. Instead, they may exhibit boldness or a propensity for heroic actions.

Question 16

In his landmark obedience research,Stanley Milgram found that

Accepted Answer

Milgram's research found that in his laboratory situation, subjects were far more obedient than anyone had predicted. This was evidenced by the fact that a large percentage of participants were willing to administer what they believed to be extremely dangerous and potentially lethal shocks to another person simply because an authority figure told them to do so. Milgram also found that there was not a significant difference in obedience levels based on personality types or gender.

Question 17

Which two figures conducted laboratory experiments in social psychology before social psychology was established as a field and are therefore considered "anticipators" rather than "founders" of the field?

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet and Norman Triplett both conducted laboratory experiments in social psychology before the field was formally established, and are therefore considered "anticipators" of the field. Ambroise Liébeault and Hippolyte Bernheim were French physicians who conducted research on hypnosis, James Braid and Jean Charcot were pioneers in the study of hypnosis, and Floyd Allport and Solomon Asch were both significant figures in the establishment and development of social psychology as a distinct field of study.

Question 18

__________ was a Gestalt-trained psychologist who conducted pioneering research on the effects of authoritarian versus democratic leadership styles.

Accepted Answer

Kurt Lewin was a Gestalt-trained psychologist who conducted pioneering research on the effects of authoritarian versus democratic leadership styles. He is also known as the founder of social psychology and played a significant role in the early development of industrial and organizational psychology. Alfred Binet was a French psychologist known for his work on intelligence testing, Max Wertheimer was one of the founders of Gestalt psychology, and Kurt Koffka was a German psychologist who also contributed to the development of Gestalt psychology.

Question 19

An individual who simultaneously holds two or more incompatible beliefs or ideas,producing an uncomfortable state that the individual is motivated to relieve,is experiencing

Accepted Answer

Cognitive dissonance refers to a state of discomfort experienced by an individual when they are holding two or more conflicting beliefs or ideas. This discomfort motivates them to reduce or eliminate the inconsistency by changing their beliefs or behaviors.

Question 20

"Mesmerism" was a term once used to describe situations that now go commonly under the name __________.

Accepted Answer

"Mesmerism" was a term coined by Franz Anton Mesmer to describe his theories and techniques for inducing trance-like states in people. Today, those trance-like states are commonly referred to as hypnotism. Therefore, the correct answer is D) hypnotism.

Quiz 11: Social Influence and Social Psychology: From Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond