Question 1

Mr.Smith (age 72)is brought to the hospital emergency room.Mr.Smith's son explains that his father woke up this morning and was "not himself." Mr.Smith appears confused,agitated,and a bit frightened.He does not know his own name and cannot recognize his son.Mr.Smith's son reports that his father had been completely fine with no symptoms prior to that morning.Mr.Smith appears to be suffering from
A)dementia.
B)Alzheimer's.
C)delirium.
D)amnestic disorder.

Accepted Answer

Mr. Smith's sudden onset of confusion, agitation, and fear suggest that he is experiencing delirium, which is a rapid onset of confusion and disorientation that can be caused by underlying medical conditions, such as infections or drug reactions. Dementia and Alzheimer's are progressive neurological disorders that develop slowly over time and typically do not present with sudden confusion and disorientation. Amnestic disorder is characterized by memory loss without the other symptoms that Mr. Smith is experiencing.

Question 2

Delirium,major neurocognitive disorder,and amnestic disorder typically develop
A)from complications of birth.
B)as part of the normal aging process.
C)in late adulthood.
D)as temporary conditions.

Accepted Answer

Delirium, major neurocognitive disorder, and amnestic disorder typically develop in late adulthood. Delirium can also occur at any age but is more common in older adults. These conditions are not part of the normal aging process and are not temporary conditions. They are typically caused by underlying medical or neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or stroke.

Question 3

Research regarding early intervention programs such as Head Start indicates that such programs
A)are ineffective.
B)may help improve the functioning of intellectually disabled children.
C)may help prevent "at risk" children from developing intellectual disability.
D)help parents manage the behavior of their intellectually disabled children.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that early intervention programs like Head Start can help prevent "at risk" children from developing intellectual disability by providing them with educational and developmental support during their crucial early years. These programs focus on promoting cognitive, social, and emotional development, which can help children overcome any disadvantages they may face in their home or community environments. While Head Start and other similar programs may not completely eliminate the effects of poverty or other risk factors, they have been shown to have a positive impact on children's school readiness, socioemotional well-being, and long-term educational outcomes.

Question 4

The symptoms of delirium tend to develop
A)very slowly, over the course of several years.
B)very quickly, over the course of a few hours to a few days.
C)moderately slowly, over the course of several months.

Accepted Answer

Delirium can develop very quickly, over the course of a few hours to a few days. It is a sudden and rapid onset of confusion and changes in cognition. Symptoms may fluctuate throughout the day and can worsen at night.

Question 5

The cause of most Neurocognitive disorders is
A)the normal process of aging.
B)brain dysfunction.
C)alcohol/substances.
D)medication side effects.

Accepted Answer

Neurocognitive disorders are caused by brain dysfunction that may result from various factors such as neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, infections, and other medical conditions. While aging may increase the risk for some neurocognitive disorders, it is not the sole cause. Alcohol/substances and medication side effects may also contribute to neurocognitive dysfunction, but they are not the main cause in most cases.

Question 6

Typical psychosocial intervention for a patient with delirium includes
A)restraining the patient to prevent self-harm.
B)placing the person in a new environment.
C)reassurance and surrounding with familiar belongings.
D)excluding the patient from any medical decision to avoid increased anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Providing reassurance and surrounding the patient with familiar belongings can help reduce anxiety and confusion in a patient with delirium. Restraint should not be the first intervention and should only be used as a last resort for safety reasons. Placing the person in a new environment can actually exacerbate delirium. Excluding the patient from medical decision-making can further increase their sense of confusion and disorientation.

Question 7

Delirium brought on by withdrawal from alcohol or other drugs is generally treated
A)with rest and reassurance.
B)with antipsychotic medication.
C)with antidepressant medication.
D)by restraining the patient until the withdrawal symptoms are over.

Accepted Answer

Delirium brought on by withdrawal from alcohol or other drugs is generally treated with antipsychotic medication, as it helps to manage the hallucinations, delusions and agitation associated with the condition. Rest and reassurance may not be sufficient, and restraining the patient is not an appropriate or ethical method of managing withdrawal symptoms. Antidepressant medication may be helpful in managing the symptoms of depression or anxiety that may accompany withdrawal, but it is not the primary treatment for delirium.

Question 8

The cognitive reserve hypothesis suggests that
A)skills acquired through formal education help compensate for the early symptoms of major neurocognitive disorder.
B)the more synapses a person develops throughout life, the more neuronal death is required before the person becomes impaired.
C)individuals with Alzheimer's disease major neurocognitive disorder never had reserve neurons.
D)Alzheimer's disease major neurocognitive disorder is caused by a lack of formal education.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cognitive reserve hypothesis suggests that
A)skills acquired...

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the rate of Alzheimer's disease dementia for different demographic groups?
A)Males and all non-Caucasian racial groups appear to have lower rates of the disorder.
B)No differences are found in the rate of Alzheimer's disease dementia by gender, but some racial differences have been noted.
C)Roughly the same rate of Alzheimer's disease dementia is found among ethnic groups, but women appear to have a slightly higher rate of the disorder than men.
D)No differences in the rate of the disorder by race or gender have been noted.

Accepted Answer

Women have a slightly higher rate of Alzheimer's disease dementia compared to men, and while there are some variations among different ethnic groups, the notable difference is observed between genders.

Question 10

All of the following are types of major neurocognitive disorder
A)vascular major neurocognitive disorder.
B)substance-induced persisting major neurocognitive disorder.
C)cognitive major neurocognitive disorder.
D)major neurocognitive disorder not otherwise specified.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are types of...

Question 11

What is MOST successful in assisting people who are susceptible to delirium?
A)Psychosocial approach
B)Preventative efforts such as patient counseling
C)Antipsychotic medications
D)Rest and reassurance

Accepted Answer

Preventative efforts such as patient counseling can help reduce the risk of delirium by addressing factors such as medication side effects or dehydration. The psychosocial approach and rest/reassurance can also be helpful during an episode of delirium, but preventative efforts are the most effective in reducing the likelihood of delirium occurring in the first place. Antipsychotic medications may be used in certain cases, but are not always necessary or effective.

Question 12

The symptoms of delirium tend to subside
A)very slowly, over the course of several years.
B)relatively quickly, over the course of a few days or weeks.
C)moderately slowly, over the course of several months.
D)very slowly, if they ever subside at all.

Accepted Answer

Delirium symptoms tend to subside relatively quickly, over the course of a few days or weeks, with appropriate treatment and management.

Question 13

All of the following are common causes of delirium
A)medical conditions.
B)medication side effects.
C)head trauma.
D)dietary factors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are common causes...

Question 14

All of the following are possible causes of major neurocognitive disordermajor neurocognitive disorder
A)Alzheimer's disease.
B)chemical substances (including medications).
C)depression.
D)food additives and preservatives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are possible causes...

Question 15

Biological treatments of intellectual disability are currently
A)Not a viable option
B)Gaining popularity
C)Under investigation by the NIH
D)Effective but with significant side effects

Accepted Answer

Currently, there is no biological treatment available for intellectual disability. The condition is primarily managed through behavioral therapies and educational interventions to improve daily living skills, language, and social functioning. Research on potential biological treatments is ongoing but has not yet yielded effective options. As a result, biological treatments are not a viable option at this time.

Question 16

The term organic mental disorders is no longer used to describe neurocognitive disorders because
A)there is nothing "organic" about these disorders.
B)These disorders are actually primarily cognitive and social in their etiology
C)the term implies that there is no effective treatment.
D)researchers have found that most psychological disorders have an "organic" component.

Accepted Answer

The term "organic mental disorders" was replaced because it became clear that many psychological disorders have an organic or biological component, making the distinction less meaningful.

Question 17

Impaired consciousness and cognition during the course of several hours or days is characteristic of
A)delirium.
B)major neurocognitive disorder.
C)Alzheimer's.
D)amnestic disorder.

Accepted Answer

Delirium is a state of impaired consciousness and cognition that develops over hours or days. It is characterized by confusion, disorientation, and disturbances in attention, perception, memory, and thinking. Major neurocognitive disorder (B) and Alzheimer's (C) are chronic conditions that affect cognition over a longer period of time. Amnestic disorder (D) is characterized by memory impairment without necessarily affecting consciousness or other cognitive functions.

Question 18

Neurocognitive disorders typically cause impairment in all of the following primary abilities
A)memory.
B)perception.
C)dreaming.
D)attention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neurocognitive disorders typically cause impairment in all...

Question 19

At the age of 50,Debra has begun to receive quite a bit of teasing from her family about being "absentminded." The truth is that Debra has been hiding the fact that each week she seems to remember less and less.For the last month,she has been getting lost while driving home from work and has been relying on a hand-drawn map.She has started having trouble recognizing the faces of people at work and frequently forgets why she started to do something.Debra appears to be developing
A)delirium.
B)amnestic disorder.
C)dementia mild or major neurocognitive disorder.
D)medically induced major neurocognitive disorder.

Accepted Answer

Debra is showing symptoms of cognitive decline, such as getting lost and having trouble remembering why she started to do something. This suggests she may be developing dementia, a major or mild neurocognitive disorder. Amnestic disorder typically involves memory loss for specific events or information, while delirium is a more acute and fluctuating state of confusion that is often caused by an underlying medical condition. There is no indication that Debra's symptoms are medically induced.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about major neurocognitive disorder is FALSE?CD
A)Globally, one new case of major neurocognitive disorder is identified every 30 seconds.
B)Worldwide, the cost of major neurocognitive disorder is about $315 billion per year.
C)More than 50 percent of the cases are of the Alzheimer's disease.
D)The rate of new cases doubles with every five years of age after age 75.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about major...

Quiz 13: Neurodevelopmental and Neurocognitive Disorders

Delirium,major neurocognitive disorder,and amnestic disorder typically develop

Research regarding early intervention programs such as Head Start indicates that such programs

The symptoms of delirium tend to develop

The cause of most Neurocognitive disorders is

Typical psychosocial intervention for a patient with delirium includes

Delirium brought on by withdrawal from alcohol or other drugs is generally treated

The cognitive reserve hypothesis suggests that

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the rate of Alzheimer's disease dementia for different demographic groups?

All of the following are types of major neurocognitive disorder

What is MOST successful in assisting people who are susceptible to delirium?

The symptoms of delirium tend to subside

All of the following are common causes of delirium

All of the following are possible causes of major neurocognitive disordermajor neurocognitive disorder

Biological treatments of intellectual disability are currently

The term organic mental disorders is no longer used to describe neurocognitive disorders because

Impaired consciousness and cognition during the course of several hours or days is characteristic of

Neurocognitive disorders typically cause impairment in all of the following primary abilities

Which of the following statements about major neurocognitive disorder is FALSE?CD