Question 1

Research using complaints about workplace discrimination as an indicator of discrimination ____.

Accepted Answer

Complaints about workplace discrimination can be difficult to assess because discipline and termination may be a result of poor job performance rather than discrimination. Therefore, relying solely on these complaints to indicate levels of discrimination in the workplace may not be the most accurate measure.

Question 2

People tend to show a preference for ingroups over outgroups even when group membership is determined at random, and even when they have never interacted with members of their ingroup.This tendency is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

The described phenomenon is known as the minimal group effect, which refers to the tendency for people to favor their own group even when it is arbitrarily determined and has no basis in reality. This effect has been well-documented in social psychology research.

Question 3

Research concerning prejudice and discrimination against gays and lesbians suggests that ____.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that people's attitudes towards homosexuality are often based on fear, such as fear of the unknown or fear of going against traditional gender roles. While religious beliefs may play a role in some individual's prejudice, it is not the sole contributor to discrimination against the LGBTQ+ community. There is also evidence that laws prohibiting discrimination based on sexuality have a positive impact in reducing prejudice and discrimination. Finally, while many cultures have historically held negative views towards homosexuality, this is not the case for all cultures and attitudes are changing over time.

Question 4

The so-called 'minimal group effect' MOST directly suggests that ____.

Accepted Answer

The minimal group effect suggests that even when people are arbitrarily and randomly assigned to groups, they still exhibit ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation. This supports the idea that people are predisposed to divide the world into 'us' and 'them', and to show a preference for 'us'.

Question 5

Research examining whether women and men are more or less tolerant of female lesbian behaviour versus male gay behaviour has found that ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research examining whether women and men are...

Question 6

Research concerning prejudice against atheists suggests that ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research concerning prejudice against atheists suggests that...

Question 7

Suppose that Khumo grew up in Cape Town, but currently works in Durban as a human resources director.While she tries to be unbiased when reviewing job applications, she knows that she has a tendency to favour Cape Town applicants over other applicants.That is, she tends to engage in ____.

Accepted Answer

Ingroup favouritism refers to the tendency to favour individuals who belong to the same group as oneself. In this case, Khumo's bias towards Cape Town applicants suggests that she is favouring individuals who share her hometown, which is an example of ingroup favouritism. The other options are not applicable in this scenario.

Question 8

To what extent is homosexual behaviour 'natural'? Research indicates that it occurs ____.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that homosexual behaviour occurs among humans all over the world, as well as among other species. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Question 9

Suppose that Zinhle has just begun dating Siphiwe.While at his house, she notices some family photos on the wall.She notices that - even though Siphiwe himself is not overweight - every other member of his family is clearly obese.Somehow, this makes Siphiwe seem less attractive to Zinhle.Zinhle's attitude illustrates ____.

Accepted Answer

Zinhle's attitude illustrates stigma by association, as she is negatively judging Siphiwe based on the weight of his family members, even though he himself may not be overweight.

Question 10

____ refer to characteristics of people that are considered socially unacceptable - for example, mental illnesses, disabilities, or scars.

Accepted Answer

Stigmas refer to characteristics of people that are considered socially unacceptable, such as mental illnesses, disabilities, or scars. Stereotypes refer to generalizations made about a group of people, prejudices refer to preconceived opinions or attitudes toward a group of people, and biases refer to a tendency to favor one particular perspective or idea over others.

Question 11

Technically speaking, the term 'homophobia' refers to excessive ____ homosexuals or homosexual behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The term 'homophobia' is derived from the Greek word 'phobos', meaning fear. It technically refers to an excessive fear of homosexuals or homosexual behavior.

Question 12

Research on prejudice against lesbian and gay people has shown that, in general, ____.

Accepted Answer

Research studies have consistently found that gay men tend to experience more prejudice and discrimination compared to lesbian women. This is often attributed to the fact that homosexuality in men is perceived as a deviation from traditional masculinity, and therefore, is seen as more threatening to heteronormative social norms. Prejudice against lesbian and gay people is not innate or inborn, and though it has been present in many societies, attitudes towards same-sex attraction have also historically been more accepting and fluid in some cultures.

Question 13

Research shows that job applicants are rated more negatively if they are shown sitting next to an obese woman.This effect is called ____.

Accepted Answer

The effect described is called "stigma by association", where an individual is negatively evaluated due to their association with stigmatized individuals or groups. In this case, the obese woman is the stigmatized individual, and the job applicant is negatively evaluated by association with her.

Question 14

Researchers have examined whether obese men and women earn less than others, controlling for the same set of qualifications.This has shown that ____.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that obese women tend to earn less than their non-obese counterparts, even when controlling for education, experience, and occupation. While there is also evidence that suggests that obesity can affect men's earnings, the effect appears to be less than it is for women. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 15

How does prejudice regarding overweight and obesity compare to racism and sexism?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does prejudice regarding overweight and obesity...

Question 16

Sherif's Robber's Cave Study was conducted in ____ phases.

Accepted Answer

Sherif's Robber's Cave Study was conducted in three phases.

Question 17

Suppose that some people have just been randomly assigned to two different teams.Research suggests that these people would be likely to exhibit discriminatory behaviour (favouring the ingroup, and disfavouring the outgroup) ____.

Accepted Answer

Research in social psychology, particularly the minimal group paradigm, suggests that people can exhibit ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination immediately after groups are defined, even without competition or personal identity involvement.

Question 18

According to the text, at present, the most likely explanation for people's attitudes against lesbians and homosexuals are rooted in ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, at present, the...

Question 19

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be considered a stigma?

Accepted Answer

Being overweight, having bad acne, and having cerebral palsy are all common stigmas that society may attach negative stereotypes or prejudices to. However, having double-jointed knees is not typically considered a stigma and is not associated with any negative stereotypes or prejudices.

Question 20

Which of the following comes closest to the textbook's conclusion regarding the elimination of prejudice?

Accepted Answer

The textbook likely concludes that while specific prejudices can be reduced, the tendencies for stereotyping and ingroup favoritism are innate, suggesting a natural inclination towards these behaviors.

Quiz 13: Prejudice and Intergroup Relations