Question 1

The two-process theory predicts that with extensive avoidance training,a subject's performance of the avoidance response should

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two-process theory predicts that with extensive...

Question 2

Early termination of a shock-avoidance CS due to an avoidance response prevents an organism from experiencing much of the CS.This describes the mechanism for

Accepted Answer

Conservation of fear refers to the idea that by avoiding the conditioned stimulus (CS) through an avoidance response, the organism does not experience the CS fully, thus maintaining the fear associated with it.

Question 3

Which of the following is not true about avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

Conditioned fear and avoidance responding are not always highly correlated, as avoidance can occur without a strong fear response once the behavior is learned.

Question 4

The most important factor contributing to the extinction of an avoidance response in a flooding procedure is

Accepted Answer

The most important factor contributing to the extinction of an avoidance response in a flooding procedure is the time spent exposed to the CS during response prevention trials. This is because flooding involves exposing the individual to the feared stimulus for an extended period of time without any possibility of avoidance or escape, which eventually leads to the extinction of the avoidance response. Therefore, the longer the individual is exposed to the CS during response prevention trials, the more likely it is that the avoidance response will be extinguished.

Question 5

Your roommate is desperate to avoid bad grades.He studies long into the night.When you ask your roommate about this behavior,he tells you that the sensation of going to bed exhausted from studying feels good to him because it means he will not fail his quizzes.Your roommate is a believer in

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The answer of Your roommate is desperate to avoid bad...

Question 6

In a free-operant procedure,if the R-S interval is shorter than the S-S interval,you would expect

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a free-operant procedure,if the R-S interval...

Question 7

Conservation of fear accounts for

Accepted Answer

Conservation of fear accounts for the persistence of CS-terminating avoidance responses after the aversive US is no longer delivered. This means that the fear response remains even if the negative stimulus (US) is no longer present.

Question 8

Which of the following is the strongest challenge to the two-process theory account of free-operant avoidance learning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the strongest...

Question 9

In a flooding procedure,the subject is

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a flooding procedure,the subject is
...

Question 10

Two rats are placed in a free-operant avoidance situation.For rat #1,the S-S interval is 2 seconds.For rat #2,the S-S interval is 5 seconds.What will likely be the relative rates of learning the avoidance response?

Accepted Answer

Rat #1 will likely learn more quickly than rat #2 because the shorter the S-S interval, the more quickly an avoidance response is typically learned. With a shorter interval, there is less time for the rat to forget the relationship between the S (the signal that predicts the aversive event) and the response required to avoid it. Rat #2 may still learn the avoidance response, but it will likely take longer due to the longer S-S interval.

Question 11

Which theory suggests that the stimuli accompanying avoidance responses provide positive reinforcement for avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory suggests that the stimuli accompanying...

Question 12

Which procedure is carried out to determine if an organism can learn to avoid a non-signaled aversive stimulus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which procedure is carried out to determine...

Question 13

During avoidance training,subjects are also given periodic conditioned suppression tests with the shock-avoidance CS.With extended avoidance training,response suppression

Accepted Answer

The answer of During avoidance training,subjects are also given periodic...

Question 14

With extended avoidance training,fear to the shock-avoidance CS decreases.This has little impact on the continued reinforcement of the avoidance response because

Accepted Answer

The answer of With extended avoidance training,fear to the shock-avoidance...

Question 15

The reduction of fear to the shock-avoidance CS that accompanies extended avoidance training

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reduction of fear to the shock-avoidance...

Question 16

The challenge a free-operant avoidance behavior presents to the two-process theory of avoidance is that

Accepted Answer

In free-operant avoidance, there is no explicit conditioned stimulus (CS) to elicit fear, which challenges the two-process theory that relies on a CS to trigger a fear response that motivates avoidance behavior.

Question 17

In a free-operant avoidance procedure,the subject avoids shock by making responses to increase the number of

Accepted Answer

In a free-operant avoidance procedure, the subject is free to make any response that can avoid the shock. Therefore, the subject is likely to avoid the shock by making a response that increases the time duration between the previous shock and the potential shock, known as the R-S interval. By increasing the R-S interval, the subject reduces the probability of receiving the next shock, and thus successfully avoids the shock. In contrast, the other intervals (CS-US, CS-CR, and S-S) are less relevant to the free-operant avoidance procedure, as they are either not related to the shock or not under the control of the subject's behavior.

Question 18

Timmy is afraid of snakes and runs away whenever he sees one.To cure him of his fear,his older brother places Timmy in a box along with three harmless garter snakes.This treatment is an example of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Timmy is afraid of snakes and runs...

Question 19

Suppose you want an organism to learn to make avoidance responses in a free-operant avoidance procedure.To aid in training,you should provide

Accepted Answer

A longer R-S interval allows the organism to learn the association between the response and the consequence (avoiding the aversive stimulus), while a shorter S-S interval provides more frequent opportunities for the organism to respond and learn the avoidance behavior.

Question 20

According to the two-process theory of avoidance,the _____ becomes conditioned to elicit fear in free-operant avoidance procedures.

Accepted Answer

The two-process theory of avoidance suggests that the passage of time becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits fear, as it signals the potential onset of an aversive event, leading to avoidance behavior.

Quiz 10: Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment