Question 1

Wiretaps are legal when there is probable cause and they are:

Accepted Answer

Wiretaps require a court order, which can only be issued if there is probable cause that a crime is being committed or planned. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer as wiretaps are authorized by a court.

Question 2

Field or show-up identification is on-the-scene identification of a suspect by a victim or witness of a crime.The show-up must be:

Accepted Answer

Field or show-up identification must be close in time to the incident to ensure the accuracy of the identification.

Question 3

Making a legal arrest, gaining information for warrants, or even preventing crime can all be the result of:

Accepted Answer

Surveillance can be used to track a suspect's movements and gather evidence, allowing for the legal arrest of the individual. It can also provide information for obtaining warrants or preventing crime. Criminal profiling, entrapment, and pretextual traffic stops all have limitations and can raise ethical concerns.

Question 4

Florida v.Riley (1989) approved the warrantless aerial surveillance, noting that:

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court in Florida v. Riley (1989) approved warrantless aerial surveillance when there is no reasonable expectation of privacy from the skies above. There was no requirement for a minimum distance between the police aircraft and the suspects, no requirement for ground-level surveillance, and it was not a test case that was only approved once.

Question 5

What must be established before an arrest can be made?

Accepted Answer

Probable cause must be established before an arrest can be made. This means that there must be enough evidence or information to suggest that the suspect has committed a crime. The occurrence of a crime and finding of a victim may be important factors in establishing probable cause, but they are not the only factors. Notification of the suspect's lawyer is not required before an arrest can be made.

Question 6

A field identification is also called a:

Accepted Answer

A field identification, often occurring shortly after a crime has been committed, is also known as a "show-up." This is a procedure where a suspect is presented to a witness in a non-lineup setting to see if the witness can identify the suspect as the perpetrator.

Question 7

What is one precaution specifically for an undercover agent to keep in mind?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring that communication with headquarters is covert is important for an undercover agent to avoid blowing their cover or putting themselves in danger. Writing notes that the subject can read or carrying personal identification can reveal the agent's true identity. Using drugs and alcohol to get in with the gang is unethical and against protocol.

Question 8

In United States v.Knotts (1983), the Court ruled that installing and monitoring a bird dog tracking device in a public location:

Accepted Answer

The Court ruled that installing and monitoring a bird dog tracking device in a public location does not violate a suspect's Fourth Amendment rights. The device only allowed law enforcement to track the suspect's movement in public areas, which were not considered private. Therefore, the evidence obtained through the device was admissible in court.

Question 9

On a linear use-of-force continuum, where do "hard empty hand techniques/impact weapon" fall in relation to the use of a TASER or chemical agent?

Accepted Answer

Hard empty hand techniques and impact weapons are typically more forceful than the use of a TASER or chemical agent. They involve physical contact and have the potential to cause serious injury, while TASERs and chemical agents primarily rely on temporary effects to gain compliance. Therefore, they fall further to the right on the linear use-of-force continuum.

Question 10

When a person suddenly dies in police custody, it is often called:

Accepted Answer

Excited delirium is a term used to describe a state of extreme agitation, delirium, and physical exertion that can be fatal. It is often associated with drug use and can lead to sudden death in police custody. Use of deadly force and de facto arrest are not specific terms for this situation, and the nightcap provision is unrelated to deaths in police custody.

Question 11

Which of the following can be created using Identi-Kit?

Accepted Answer

Identi-Kit is a software used to create composite drawings and sketches based on eyewitness descriptions of suspects. The other options are not related to Identi-Kit.

Question 12

In Whren v.United States (1996), the Supreme Court affirmed that officers could stop vehicles to allay any suspicions even though they have no evidence of criminal behavior.This type of stop is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

This is known as a pretextual stop, where officers use a minor traffic infraction as a reason to stop a vehicle and then investigate further, even if they do not have evidence of criminal behavior.

Question 13

Which method is used to identify suspects?

Accepted Answer

Field or show-up identification is a method used by law enforcement to identify suspects. It involves presenting a suspect to a witness or victim for identification, typically at the scene of the crime or soon after. The witness is asked to identify the suspect based on their physical appearance, voice, or other characteristics. This method is considered controversial and can lead to wrongful identifications, but it is still commonly used by law enforcement agencies.

Question 14

In United States v.Wade, the Court said that a suspect must be informed of his or her right to have a lawyer present during what type of process?

Accepted Answer

In United States v. Wade, the Court held that a suspect must be informed of his or her right to have a lawyer present during lineup identification procedures.

Question 15

The objective of surveillance is to:

Accepted Answer

The objective of surveillance is to gather information about people, their associations, and their activities that may help solve a criminal case or protect a witness. It is not intended to obtain information about anyone or anything for any purpose, nor is it necessarily intended to punish offenders. Its purpose is purely informational.

Question 16

Psychological profiling:

Accepted Answer

Psychological profiling is a tool used by law enforcement to help develop and eliminate suspects in a criminal investigation. It is not used in conjunction with psychics and its accuracy can vary depending on the case and the skill of the profiler.

Question 17

In the DEA smuggling case, United States v.Weaver (1992), what did the Court rule?

Accepted Answer

The Court ruled that race can be considered among other factors to use in developing suspects.

Question 18

Live lineups generally contain:

Accepted Answer

Live lineups typically consist of 6 to 10 individuals to ensure a fair and reliable identification process.

Question 19

Surveillance, undercover assignments, and raids are used only when:

Accepted Answer

Surveillance, undercover assignments, and raids are typically used only when normal investigative methods fail to produce results. This means that they are often used as a last resort when other methods have been exhausted, and typically indicates that the case is of significant importance. While terrorism and drug trafficking cases may be more likely to involve these methods, they are not the only situations where they may be employed. Therefore, options A, B, and D are not as comprehensive as option C.

Question 20

The requirement of providing counsel to a suspect in a lineup that occurs after indictment or arraignment is known as the:

Accepted Answer

The requirement of providing counsel to a suspect in a lineup that occurs after indictment or arraignment is known as the Wade-Gilbert rule. The Miranda rule applies to custodial interrogations, the exclusionary rule excludes evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, and the "fruits of the poisoned tree" doctrine excludes evidence obtained indirectly through illegal means.

Quiz 7: Identifying and Arresting Suspects