Question 1

The amygdala is a brain area long associated with

Accepted Answer

The amygdala has been studied extensively in relation to fear and fear responses. It plays a crucial role in the processing of emotional stimuli and the generation of fear responses.

Question 2

Altered functioning of the orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, anterior cingulate, and thalamus are seen in

Accepted Answer

The orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, anterior cingulate, and thalamus are all involved in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Alterations in the functioning of these structures contribute to the development of symptoms such as intrusive thoughts, compulsive behaviors, and anxiety.

Question 3

Thought patterns that are negative and ongoing that contribute to anxiety disorders are called

Accepted Answer

Cognitive distortions are negative thought patterns that can contribute to anxiety disorders. These distortions include catastrophizing, overgeneralization, black-and-white thinking, and personalization, among others. Identifying and challenging these distortions can be helpful in managing anxiety.

Question 4

The contribution of genetics to anxiety-related disorders is

Accepted Answer

While genetics do play a role in anxiety-related disorders, research suggests that the influence of genetics is not as significant as it is in other major mental disorders such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Therefore, the contribution of genetics to anxiety-related disorders is less than other major mental disorders.

Question 5

Fear of the potential dangerousness of internal sensations is a potent risk factor for anxiety disorders and specifically refers to

Accepted Answer

Fear of the potential dangerousness of internal sensations is referred to as anxiety sensitivity, which is a specific cognitive construct that is a strong risk factor for developing anxiety disorders. It involves a fear of bodily symptoms, leading to increased anxiety about the physical sensations that accompany anxiety, such as palpitations, shortness of breath, or sweating. This fear can be debilitating and can lead to avoidance behaviors, which can exacerbate anxiety symptoms.

Question 6

Researchers examined the or percentage of cases where each twin has a disorder.

Accepted Answer

The concordance rate is the percentage of cases where both twins have a disorder, which is typically used to determine the genetic component of a disorder.

Question 7

Which brain feature is activated by fearful stimuli and helps produce symptoms such as fast heart rate and emotional states of anxious apprehension to help a person cope with threat?

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is responsible for detecting and processing fearful stimuli, and it helps produce symptoms such as fast heart rate and emotional states of anxious apprehension to help a person cope with threat.

Question 8

When Sally believes her physical feelings reflect how things truly are, she is engaging in

Accepted Answer

When Sally believes her physical feelings reflect how things truly are, she is engaging in emotional reasoning, which is a cognitive distortion where a person believes their emotional state is proof of the truth, despite evidence to the contrary.

Question 9

The neurotransmitter that is most closely related to mood and motor behavior is

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is closely linked to mood regulation and is often referred to as the "feel good" neurotransmitter. It is also involved in the regulation of motor behavior, including sleep and appetite control.

Question 10

Astrid has posttraumatic stress disorder following a rape.She tends to see threats everywhere, even when none is present.Which part of Astrid's brain may be activated so that she perceives a threat in the absence of one actually being present?

Accepted Answer

The septal-hippocampal area is involved in processing emotions and memory, and its activation can lead to heightened anxiety and perception of threats, even when they are not present.

Question 11

The neurotransmitter that is most closely related to excessive physical symptoms of anxiety is

Accepted Answer

Excessive physical symptoms of anxiety such as palpitations, sweating, and trembling are linked to increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which is controlled by the release of norepinephrine from the adrenal glands.

Question 12

Toddlers and children with are subdued and react fearfully to new people or situations.

Accepted Answer

The given description matches the characteristic of behavioral inhibition, where a child tends to avoid or exhibit a fearful reaction towards new people or situations. Psychological inhibition refers to deliberate suppression of certain thoughts or emotions, neurochemical inhibition refers to the blocking of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, and stranger anxiety disorder is not a recognized diagnostic term, although stranger anxiety is a normal developmental phase in young children.

Question 13

What evolutionary purpose could social anxiety serve, according to your text?

Accepted Answer

Social anxiety may have evolved to promote conformity and avoid conflict within social groups, which could enhance group cohesion and survival.

Question 14

Negative thought patterns are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Negative thought patterns are referred to as cognitive distortions. These are irrational thoughts and beliefs that can lead to negative emotions and unhealthy behaviors. By recognizing and challenging cognitive distortions, individuals can work to replace them with more realistic and positive thinking patterns.

Question 15

People who, by their nature, strongly prefer familiarity and are fearful of new things have

Accepted Answer

People who strongly prefer familiarity and fear new things have behavioral inhibition, which is characterized by shyness, timidity, and reluctance to try new experiences. Withdrawal syndrome refers to a set of symptoms that occur when someone stops taking a drug they have become dependent on. Introvert tendencies are a personality trait that refers to individuals who prefer quiet, introspective activities and may find socializing draining. Extroversion is a personality trait characterized by outgoing, energetic behavior and a preference for social interaction. These do not necessarily relate to a fear of new things or a preference for familiarity.

Question 16

Ellen's instructor walks in the classroom and announces there will be a pop quiz.Ellen feels her heart rate increase, her breathing becomes rapid, and other signs of physical arousal as she responds to this stressor.Which of the following is responsible for activating this response in Ellen?

Accepted Answer

The HPA axis (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis) is responsible for the body's stress response, including the release of cortisol, which leads to physical arousal symptoms like increased heart rate and rapid breathing.

Question 17

The idea that humans are biologically predisposed to fear certain stimuli more so than others is known as

Accepted Answer

The concept of humans being biologically prepared to fear certain stimuli more than others is known as preparedness. This idea suggests that we have evolved to develop a fear response to stimuli that our ancestors may have encountered frequently and posed a threat to their survival. This includes things like spiders, snakes, and heights, which we may still fear despite the fact that they may not pose a direct threat to us in modern society.

Question 18

Children with behavioral inhibition are more likely to have parents with than children without behavioral inhibition.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral inhibition is characterized by shyness, withdrawal, and avoidance of unfamiliar situations or people. This behavior is often associated with anxiety-related disorders such as social anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Therefore, children with behavioral inhibition are likely to have parents who also have these conditions or are prone to anxiety.

Question 19

Cognitive theories of anxiety disorders focus on , or a person's ability to think about a past anxiety­provoking event without significant anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive theories of anxiety disorders focus on emotional processing, or a person's ability to think about and process an anxiety-provoking event in a healthy and adaptive way, without experiencing significant anxiety. This involves being able to accurately evaluate the event, express emotions related to it, and integrate it into one's memory and sense of self. Impairments in emotional processing are believed to contribute to the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders.

Question 20

If John believes that thinking about something, such as hurting a classmate, means that he is a terrible person, he is engaged in thought-action

Accepted Answer

Thought-action fusion (TAF) is a cognitive distortion in which an individual believes that simply having a thought about a negative event is morally equivalent to actually carrying out that event. This can lead to increased guilt and anxiety, as well as difficulties with decision-making and problem-solving.

Quiz 5: Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

The amygdala is a brain area long associated with

Altered functioning of the orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, anterior cingulate, and thalamus are seen in

Thought patterns that are negative and ongoing that contribute to anxiety disorders are called

The contribution of genetics to anxiety-related disorders is

Fear of the potential dangerousness of internal sensations is a potent risk factor for anxiety disorders and specifically refers to

Researchers examined the or percentage of cases where each twin has a disorder.

Which brain feature is activated by fearful stimuli and helps produce symptoms such as fast heart rate and emotional states of anxious apprehension to help a person cope with threat?

When Sally believes her physical feelings reflect how things truly are, she is engaging in

The neurotransmitter that is most closely related to mood and motor behavior is

Astrid has posttraumatic stress disorder following a rape.She tends to see threats everywhere, even when none is present.Which part of Astrid's brain may be activated so that she perceives a threat in the absence of one actually being present?

The neurotransmitter that is most closely related to excessive physical symptoms of anxiety is

Toddlers and children with are subdued and react fearfully to new people or situations.

What evolutionary purpose could social anxiety serve, according to your text?

Negative thought patterns are referred to as

People who, by their nature, strongly prefer familiarity and are fearful of new things have

Ellen's instructor walks in the classroom and announces there will be a pop quiz.Ellen feels her heart rate increase, her breathing becomes rapid, and other signs of physical arousal as she responds to this stressor.Which of the following is responsible for activating this response in Ellen?

The idea that humans are biologically predisposed to fear certain stimuli more so than others is known as

Children with behavioral inhibition are more likely to have parents with than children without behavioral inhibition.

Cognitive theories of anxiety disorders focus on , or a person's ability to think about a past anxietyprovoking event without significant anxiety.

If John believes that thinking about something, such as hurting a classmate, means that he is a terrible person, he is engaged in thought-action

Quiz 5: Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

The amygdala is a brain area long associated with

Altered functioning of the orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, caudate nucleus, anterior cingulate, and thalamus are seen in

Thought patterns that are negative and ongoing that contribute to anxiety disorders are called

The contribution of genetics to anxiety-related disorders is

Fear of the potential dangerousness of internal sensations is a potent risk factor for anxiety disorders and specifically refers to

Researchers examined the or percentage of cases where each twin has a disorder.

Which brain feature is activated by fearful stimuli and helps produce symptoms such as fast heart rate and emotional states of anxious apprehension to help a person cope with threat?

When Sally believes her physical feelings reflect how things truly are, she is engaging in

The neurotransmitter that is most closely related to mood and motor behavior is

Astrid has posttraumatic stress disorder following a rape.She tends to see threats everywhere, even when none is present.Which part of Astrid's brain may be activated so that she perceives a threat in the absence of one actually being present?

The neurotransmitter that is most closely related to excessive physical symptoms of anxiety is

Toddlers and children with are subdued and react fearfully to new people or situations.

What evolutionary purpose could social anxiety serve, according to your text?

Negative thought patterns are referred to as

People who, by their nature, strongly prefer familiarity and are fearful of new things have

Ellen's instructor walks in the classroom and announces there will be a pop quiz.Ellen feels her heart rate increase, her breathing becomes rapid, and other signs of physical arousal as she responds to this stressor.Which of the following is responsible for activating this response in Ellen?

The idea that humans are biologically predisposed to fear certain stimuli more so than others is known as

Children with behavioral inhibition are more likely to have parents with than children without behavioral inhibition.

Cognitive theories of anxiety disorders focus on , or a person's ability to think about a past anxiety­provoking event without significant anxiety.

If John believes that thinking about something, such as hurting a classmate, means that he is a terrible person, he is engaged in thought-action

Cognitive theories of anxiety disorders focus on , or a person's ability to think about a past anxietyprovoking event without significant anxiety.