Question 1

Piaget believed that infants could not acquire object permanence until they could understand the concept of

Accepted Answer

Piaget theorized that infants develop object permanence—the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched—during the sensorimotor stage of development. He believed that understanding invisible displacements (where an object is moved from one location to another while hidden from view) is a key part of acquiring object permanence.

Question 2

Fetuses develop memories for their experiences, specifically for the

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that fetuses are capable of learning and remembering speech sounds, particularly those of their native language, during the last few weeks of pregnancy.

Question 3

The conjugate reinforcement procedure is based on

Accepted Answer

The conjugate reinforcement procedure is a form of operant conditioning in which reinforcement is delivered contingent on the occurrence of two responses that are linked together through contingency.

Question 4

In Baillargeon's study in which infants were shown possible and impossible events involving a hand, a box, and a platform, the last stage of infants showing understanding of the principle of support was their belief that

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Baillargeon's study in which infants were...

Question 5

Geary proposed that infants have skeletal competencies in all of the following areas except

Accepted Answer

The answer of Geary proposed that infants have skeletal competencies...

Question 6

Infants seems to realize that objects cannot disappear at one place and then magically appear at another when they are as young as

Accepted Answer

Infants around 2.5 months old start to understand object permanence, realizing that objects cannot just disappear and reappear elsewhere magically. This is a developmental milestone in their cognitive development.

Question 7

When infants display dishabituation, they are demonstrating a basic form of

Accepted Answer

Dishabituation is when an infant responds to a new stimulus after becoming habituated to a previous stimulus. This demonstrates their ability to distinguish between different stimuli and maintain a memory of the previous stimulus. This is a basic form of perceptual memory. Long-term memory involves retaining information over a longer period of time, while short-term memory refers to a temporary storage of information. Subconscious memory refers to memories that are not consciously accessed but still influence behavior.

Question 8

The basic understanding that one array has more or less items in it than does another array is called

Accepted Answer

The answer of The basic understanding that one array has...

Question 9

Researchers who have replicated Piaget's basic observations of the development of object permanence have typically done which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Researchers replicating Piaget's observations on object permanence have generally employed greater experimental control than Piaget did, allowing for more precise and reliable measurements of infants' abilities.

Question 10

Studies have reported neonatal imitation in infants as young as ___

Accepted Answer

Studies have reported neonatal imitation in infants as young as 2-3 days old, indicating that newborns may be capable of imitative behavior from birth.

Question 11

Which of the following is a likely reason for the discrepancy between Piaget and later researchers' (especially Baillargeon') findings about the age at which infant/toddlers attain object permanence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a likely...

Question 12

All of the following are examples of neonatal imitation except

Accepted Answer

Neonatal imitation refers to the ability of newborns to imitate specific facial expressions or movements, which is considered an early form of social communication. Tongue rolling is a learned skill and is not present in newborns, therefore it is not an example of neonatal imitation. Tongue protrusion, mouth opening, and lip protrusion are all examples of neonatal imitation.

Question 13

By what age can infants tell the difference between arrays containing different numbers of small quantities of items?

Accepted Answer

Infants are able to distinguish between arrays containing different numbers of small quantities of items by around 6 months of age. Research shows that by this age, infants can detect changes in the number of items in an array, suggesting that they have some understanding of quantity.

Question 14

Almost all forms of cognition involve some type of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Almost all forms of cognition involve some...

Question 15

Piaget called some actions "invisible" because

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, some actions are "invisible" to infants because they cannot see or hear themselves performing these actions.

Question 16

Which of the following findings suggests that young infants develop an early understanding of quantitative relations?

Accepted Answer

Infants looking longer at impossible outcomes than at possible outcomes suggests they have an expectation about quantities and are surprised when those expectations are violated, indicating an early understanding of quantitative relations.

Question 17

A task in which an infant has to retrieve a hidden object at one location, after having retrieved it several times previously from another location is

Accepted Answer

The answer of A task in which an infant has...

Question 18

In Baillargeon study of object permanence using the violation-of-expectation method, his subjects were

Accepted Answer

Baillargeon's study on object permanence using the violation-of-expectation method involved infants who were between 3.5 and 4.5 months old. This research demonstrated that even very young infants have some understanding of object permanence, challenging Piaget's stages of cognitive development which suggested that this understanding develops later.

Question 19

The best explanation for neonatal imitation is that

Accepted Answer

Neonatal imitation, such as mimicking facial expressions, is believed to facilitate nursing and mother-infant communication, helping to strengthen the bond between mother and infant and supporting the infant's survival and development.

Question 20

The ability to determine quickly the number of items in a set without counting them is called

Accepted Answer

Numerosity refers to the ability to perceive and quickly determine the number of items in a set without needing to count them. This is a skill that humans and many animals possess and can be useful in various scenarios such as foraging or hunting for food. The other answer choices are not as appropriate as they do not match the definition of numerosity.

Quiz 5: What Do Infants Know and When and How Do They Know It