Question 1

In the deductive approach to scientific thought processes, we begin with __________ and make __________ based on that information.
A) premises; observations
B) observations; premises
C) observations; conclusions
D) observations; inductions
E) premises; conclusions

Accepted Answer

In the deductive approach, we start with premises or assumptions and draw conclusions based on them. We then test the validity of these conclusions through observations and experiments. Therefore, the correct answer is E, as it accurately reflects the deductive approach to scientific thought processes.

Question 2

A hypothesis is:
A) a tentative explanation.
B) a systematic thought process.
C) an observation.
D) a placebo.
E) a conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation that can be tested through experimentation and observation.

Question 3

Which statement concerning systems biology is FALSE?
A) It involves the reductionist approach.
B) It involves the analysis of large amounts of data.
C) It focuses on the functioning of biological systems.
D) It focuses on individual components rather than the whole.
E) It is also called integrative biology.

Accepted Answer

Systems biology focuses on the functioning of biological systems as a whole, rather than on individual components.

Question 4

Which of the following statements represents a good hypothesis?
A) Shoofly pie tastes good.
B) The swimming speed of Artemia increases at higher temperatures.
C) There is life after death.
D) Hemophilia is also known as "bleeder's disease."
E) Since sparrows, robins, hawks, and pigeons are all birds and have wings, all birds have wings.

Accepted Answer

A good hypothesis is a testable statement that can be supported or refuted through experimentation or observation. Statement B is testable and can be measured scientifically.

Question 5

A sampling error could occur from:
A) a malfunctioning calculator.
B) very few individuals in the control group.
C) a poorly designed hypothesis.
D) the scientist knowing which individuals were in the experimental group.
E) having both an experimental and a control group.

Accepted Answer

Sampling error can occur when there are very few individuals in the control group, leading to results that may not accurately represent the population.

Question 6

Figure 1-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). 
-Sequence B in Figure 1-1 represents:
A) a hypothesis.
B) a conclusion.
C) a blind group.
D) the experimental group.
E) the control group.

Accepted Answer

The control group is the group that does not receive the experimental treatment. In this case, Sequence B is the control group because it does not receive the experimental treatment of being exposed to the drug.

Question 7

Using the characteristics that define life, compare and contrast a plant, a bacterium, and a salt crystal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the characteristics that define life, compare...

Question 8

In the experimental evaluation of a new drug, a placebo serves the purpose of:
A) preventing errors in recording of the data.
B) removing the bias of the physician in charge of the experiment.
C) removing the potential psychological bias of the patient in the study.
D) preventing sampling errors from compromising the results of the experiment.
E) increasing the sample size.

Accepted Answer

A placebo is used to remove the potential psychological bias of the patient by making them unaware of whether they are receiving the actual treatment or not, thus isolating the drug's effect from the placebo effect.

Question 9

If we wanted to examine the effect of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, we would need to establish both experimental and control groups.The control group for this experiment would be defined by the following conditions:
A) soil, fertilizer, water, sun, and no zucchini seeds.
B) soil, fertilizer, water, sun, and zucchini seeds.
C) soil, water, sun, and no zucchini seeds.
D) soil, water, sun, and zucchini seeds.
E) soil, water, and sun.

Accepted Answer

The control group should have all the same conditions as the experimental group except for the variable being tested, which is the fertilizer. Therefore, it should include soil, water, sun, and zucchini seeds, but no fertilizer.

Question 10

If you observe a cell that contains organelles, then that cell is most likely a prokaryote.
__________________

Accepted Answer

eukaryote

Question 11

A good hypothesis:
A) can be proven to be true.
B) is falsifiable.
C) can only be tested once.
D) is a statement of fact.
E) represents important conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A good hypothesis is falsifiable, meaning it can be tested and potentially proven false through experimentation or observation.

Question 12

Explain the importance of information transfer in living systems, and include three specific examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the importance of information transfer in...

Question 13

Which statement concerning a scientific theory is FALSE?
A) It may suggest practical applications.
B) It predicts new facts.
C) It is based on a number of hypotheses.
D) It is unchangeable.
E) It is supported by many observations.

Accepted Answer

Scientific theories are not unchangeable; they can be modified or rejected based on new evidence or observations.

Question 14

The ultimate source of genetic variation within a population is:
A) mutations in DNA.
B) adaptation of a species to environmental changes.
C) homeostatic mechanisms that compensate for environmental changes.
D) a sensory system that can detect an environmental change.
E) a system of locomotion that allows an organism to escape environmental changes.

Accepted Answer

Mutations in DNA are the original source of genetic variation, as they introduce new genetic changes that can be passed on to future generations.

Question 15

In Darwin's theory of evolution, adaptation involves changes in:
A) genes.
B) individuals.
C) populations.
D) communities.
E) ecosystems.

Accepted Answer

Adaptation in Darwin's theory of evolution refers to changes in populations over time, where advantageous traits become more common in a population due to natural selection.

Question 16

In an experiment, the control group:
A) disproves the theory.
B) proves the hypothesis.
C) proves the prediction.
D) does not contain the variable being tested.
E) is similar to the test group in all aspects including the variable being tested.

Accepted Answer

The control group is used as a baseline to compare results and does not contain the variable being tested, allowing researchers to isolate the effects of the variable in the experimental group.

Question 17

Identify two adaptations in different living organisms and use natural selection to explain how each may have logically evolved.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify two adaptations in different living organisms...

Question 18

The organism in the accompanying figure can be classified as: 
A) a bird.
B) a reptile.
C) a prokaryote.
D) a protista.
E) a mammal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The organism in the accompanying figure can...

Question 19

Figure 1-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s). 
-Sequence A in Figure 1-1 represents:
A) a hypothesis.
B) the experimental group.
C) the control group.
D) a sampling error.
E) a deduction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure 1-1
Use the figure to answer the...

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a concept or term related to evolution?
A) adaptation
B) genetic mutation
C) cellular respiration
D) gene pool
E) natural selection

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration is a metabolic process that occurs in cells to produce energy, and it is not directly related to evolution.

Quiz 1: A View of Life

In the deductive approach to scientific thought processes, we begin with and make based on that information.

A hypothesis is:

Which statement concerning systems biology is FALSE?

Which of the following statements represents a good hypothesis?

A sampling error could occur from:

Figure 1-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s) . -Sequence B in Figure 1-1 represents:

Using the characteristics that define life, compare and contrast a plant, a bacterium, and a salt crystal.

In the experimental evaluation of a new drug, a placebo serves the purpose of:

If we wanted to examine the effect of a fertilizer on the size of zucchini produced, we would need to establish both experimental and control groups.The control group for this experiment would be defined by the following conditions:

If you observe a cell that contains organelles, then that cell is most likely a prokaryote. __________________

A good hypothesis:

Explain the importance of information transfer in living systems, and include three specific examples.

Which statement concerning a scientific theory is FALSE?

The ultimate source of genetic variation within a population is:

In Darwin's theory of evolution, adaptation involves changes in:

In an experiment, the control group:

Identify two adaptations in different living organisms and use natural selection to explain how each may have logically evolved.

The organism in the accompanying figure can be classified as:

Figure 1-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s) . -Sequence A in Figure 1-1 represents:

Which of the following is NOT a concept or term related to evolution?