Question 1

The participant in an experiment has the right to

Accepted Answer

Participants in experiments have the ethical right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. This is a fundamental principle in research ethics, ensuring participants' autonomy and well-being.

Question 2

Except in _________ research, the experimenter establishes a clear and fair agreement with research participants prior to their participation.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

The practice of giving students course credit for participation in psychological research is considered ethically acceptable when

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

The Ethics Committee of the APA educates _________ about ethical issues related to psychological research.

Accepted Answer

The Ethics Committee of the APA educates psychologists, the public, and students about ethical issues related to psychological research, covering a broad audience to ensure ethical standards are understood and upheld.

Question 5

Psychologists are primarily concerned with the ethics of research involving

Accepted Answer

Psychologists are concerned with the ethics of research involving all human and animal research subjects to ensure the welfare and rights of all participants are protected.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the reasons why research participants are debriefed following an experiment?

Accepted Answer

Debriefing is used to inform participants about the true nature of the experiment, especially if deception was used, not to ensure they did not discover the true purpose during the experiment.

Question 7

In a recent article, Keith-Spiegel and Koocher (2205) suggest that some researchers may be taking ethical shortcuts because

Accepted Answer

Keith-Spiegel and Koocher suggest that researchers may take ethical shortcuts because they perceive the Institutional Review Board (IRB) to be unfair, which can lead to frustration and non-compliance.

Question 8

Which of the following is an ethical obligation of psychologists who use animal subjects?

Accepted Answer

All of these options are ethical obligations of psychologists who use animal subjects, encompassing compliance with laws and standards, maintaining animal health and minimizing pain, and ensuring proper training for those who use and care for the animals.

Question 9

In a high-risk study, the researcher must provide the participants with

Accepted Answer

In high-risk studies, it's essential to ensure participants' well-being and trust. This includes debriefing them about the study's nature and results, providing contact information for support in case of adverse effects, and guaranteeing confidentiality of their data. All these measures help in ethical conduct of such research.

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

Accepted Answer

An Institutional Review Board (IRB) does not require all its members to be trained in scientific research. It must include members of varied backgrounds to promote complete and adequate review of the research activities commonly conducted by the institution. This diversity includes considerations of race, gender, cultural backgrounds, and sensitivity to community attitudes, among others. Not all members need to be scientists or have a background in scientific research; the board also benefits from the inclusion of members concerned with nonscientific areas, such as ethics, law, or community standards.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT considered plagiarism?

Accepted Answer

Plagiarism involves using someone else's work without proper attribution, which includes not giving credit or improperly quoting or paraphrasing their work. Option D describes proper academic practice by giving credit to someone else's ideas, which is not considered plagiarism as long as the ideas are properly cited.

Question 12

Experiments involving deception

Accepted Answer

Deception in research requires debriefing, where researchers are obligated to explain the true nature of the experiment to participants afterwards. This ensures ethical standards are maintained by informing participants about the deception and its purpose, allowing them to understand their involvement and the study's goals.

Question 13

__________ is the use of another person's ideas, words, or data without giving that person credit for his or her work.

Accepted Answer

Plagiarism involves using someone else's intellectual property (ideas, words, or data) without proper acknowledgment or citation.

Question 14

Information obtained about a research participant during the course of a study

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality of information obtained from research participants is a fundamental ethical principle, but there can be exceptions if these are clearly communicated and agreed upon by the participants in advance, typically through informed consent processes.

Question 15

An ethical psychologist

Accepted Answer

An ethical psychologist ensures that all individuals using animals under their supervision are properly trained in the care of animals, adhering to ethical guidelines and regulations that protect animal welfare in research settings.

Question 16

__________ means that the investigator explains the general purposes of the research and answers any questions of the participant at the end of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

Debriefing refers to the process where researchers explain the purpose of the study and address any questions or concerns participants might have after the experiment has concluded. It is an essential part of ethical research, especially in studies involving deception.

Question 17

When is it acceptable for a researcher to dispense with obtaining the informed consent of research participants?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent can be waived under specific conditions, such as when the research involves minimal risk, participation is voluntary, and confidentiality is protected. This ensures that the rights and welfare of participants are still respected without the formal process of obtaining consent.

Question 18

The view that animal life is somehow different from human life is called

Accepted Answer

Speciesism is the term used to describe the belief that one species, typically humans, is superior to others, leading to discrimination against animals.

Question 19

If a research participant becomes upset in the course of a minimal-risk experiment,

Accepted Answer

The ethical guidelines for conducting research with human participants emphasize the importance of minimizing harm and ensuring participants' well-being. If a participant becomes upset during an experiment, the researcher's responsibility is to address the participant's distress and attempt to mitigate any negative effects, ensuring the participant does not leave the experiment in a worse state than when they started. This is in line with the ethical principle of beneficence, which involves maximizing possible benefits and minimizing possible harms.

Question 20

A researcher using only animals has an obligation to

Accepted Answer

The ethical principle of humane treatment applies to research involving animals, ensuring that they are treated with care and respect, minimizing discomfort, distress, or pain.

Quiz 4: Ethics in Psychological Research