Question 1

All of the following are key assumptions of the medical model of psychopathology except that disorders are:

Accepted Answer

The medical model of psychopathology does not assume that disorders are universal, as it recognizes that disorders can vary in their expression and prevalence across different cultures and populations. The other options (endogenous, categorical, and associated with constitutional dysfunction) are consistent with the medical model's emphasis on biological and physiological explanations for mental disorders.

Question 2

All of the children at Hoover Elementary participate in a weekly social skills lesson conducted by the school counselor. This would most likely be which type of intervention?

Accepted Answer

The fact that all of the children at Hoover Elementary participate in the intervention suggests that it is a universal prevention program, which aims to prevent or address a problem within an entire population.

Question 3

Dr. Samuelson diagnosed Ruth with intellectual developmental disability when she was five years old and confirmed that same diagnosis when she was 12. This is an example of which type of reliability?

Accepted Answer

The diagnosis being confirmed at two different points in time (age 5 and age 12) demonstrates cross-time reliability, as it measures consistency over time. Intrarater reliability measures consistency within the same rater, interrater reliability measures consistency between different raters, and internal reliability measures consistency between items within a single test.

Question 4

The authors of the text propose that classification systems improve research efforts related to developmental psychopathology.

Accepted Answer

The authors state that classification systems can aid in better understanding and researching developmental psychopathology.

Question 5

The process of deciding whether a child can or should be diagnosed with one specific mental health disorder over another is known as classification.

Accepted Answer

The process described is known as differential diagnosis, not classification. Classification refers to the categorization of mental health disorders based on shared characteristics and symptoms.

Question 6

One of the advantages of standardized testing is that it:

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the advantages of standardized testing...

Question 7

The fact that Dr. Samuels and Dr. Yang both agree that young Anthony has some sort of mood disorder reflects the construct of validity.

Accepted Answer

The agreement between Dr. Samuels and Dr. Yang on Anthony's condition reflects inter-rater reliability, not construct validity. Construct validity refers to how well a test or tool measures the concept it's intended to measure.

Question 8

Austin, a 19-year-old student who has cerebral palsy, is being evaluated by the school psychologist to help in determining his current educational needs. As a child with a disability, Austin's educational rights are protected under which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Austin's educational rights are protected under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA), which ensures that students with disabilities have access to a free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE) possible. This law requires that students with disabilities receive evaluations and assessments to determine their educational needs, and it also provides for the development of individualized education plans (IEPs) to address those needs. The other options listed are not specific laws that protect the educational rights of students with disabilities.

Question 9

________ refers to likelihood that different clinicians would classify a child in the same category, while ________indicates that classifications reflect real-life situations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ refers to likelihood that different clinicians...

Question 10

Which of the following statements is most true regarding the effects of labeling a child with a psychiatric disorder?

Accepted Answer

Labeling a child with a psychiatric disorder can lead to the child being seen primarily in terms of their disability, rather than recognizing their strengths and abilities in other areas of their lives. This can have a negative impact on their self-esteem and opportunities for growth and development.

Question 11

Cross-cultural research confirms the existence of similar dimensions of psychopathology in 30 different societies. This finding supports the ________ of classification systems.

Accepted Answer

The fact that similar dimensions of psychopathology exist in multiple societies supports the validity of classification systems. Validity refers to how accurately a classification system captures the constructs it is intended to measure. Therefore, the existence of similar dimensions in different cultures suggests that classification systems accurately capture the underlying constructs of psychopathology.

Question 12

All of the following are types of interventions that focus of preventative measures except:

Accepted Answer

Targeted interventions are not a recognized category in the context of preventative measures. Preventative interventions are typically categorized as universal, selective, or indicated. Universal interventions are aimed at the general public or a whole population group, selective interventions are aimed at individuals or a subgroup of the population with a higher-than-average risk of developing a condition or disease, and indicated interventions are targeted at individuals who are identified as already showing signs or symptoms of the condition or disease.

Question 13

The Diagnosis and Statistical Manual has included descriptions of disorders unique to childhood since the first edition.

Accepted Answer

The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-I), published in 1952, did not specifically focus on disorders unique to childhood; it was not until later editions that more emphasis was placed on childhood disorders.

Question 14

An understanding of developmental pathways and timing of a child's disorder helps mental health practitioners develop effective and timely interventions.

Accepted Answer

Understanding developmental pathways and the timing of a child's disorder can assist mental health practitioners in developing interventions that are effective and implemented in a timely manner.

Question 15

Dr. Kelly is gathering information on her latest client by talking with the child's parents, teachers, and the child. She is most likely engaging in which aspect of assessment?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Kelly is engaging in an interview by gathering information through talking with the child's parents, teachers, and the child. Observation would involve watching the child in various settings, testing would involve administering standardized tests or assessments, and review would involve looking at existing records or documents.

Question 16

Anthony displays a high level of anxiety as well as withdrawal from his peers and family. Anthony's behaviors would likely be described as internalizing.

Accepted Answer

Internalizing behaviors refer to those in which an individual turns their emotions inward and exhibits symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and withdrawal from social interactions. Anthony's high level of anxiety and withdrawal from peers and family suggest that he is exhibiting internalizing behaviors.

Question 17

Emma often hits her younger sister as well as her peers and frequently refuses to do what adults tell her to do. According to Achenbach, Emma's behaviors would most likely fall in the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Emma often hits her younger sister as...

Question 18

A therapist who attempts to understand the degree to which a particular behavior exists within a child rather than the kind of behavior would be utilizing which type of classification system?

Accepted Answer

A dimensional classification system focuses on evaluating the degree or severity of a particular behavior rather than categorizing it as either present or absent. In this case, the therapist is attempting to understand the extent to which a behavior exists within the child, which suggests a dimensional approach. The other options (internalizing, externalizing, categorical) all refer to different types of classification systems, but do not specifically address the degree or severity of a behavior.

Question 19

Tertiary prevention focuses on minimizing further negative impact of psychopathology on a child's development.

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention aims to reduce the negative effects of a condition that is already present by minimizing its further impact. This approach is often used in treating or managing chronic illnesses, disabilities, or mental health problems in children who have already been diagnosed.

Question 20

Process research focuses on the factors related to change that occur as a result of intervention.

Accepted Answer

Process research is concerned with understanding the mechanisms of change that occur as a result of intervention. It aims to identify the specific factors and processes that are responsible for producing the observed changes.

Quiz 4: Classification, Assessment and Diagnosis, and Intervention