Question 1

In the 1990s, many of the themes of reform in adult corrections since the 1970s were replayed in the juvenile justice arena.

Accepted Answer

During the 1990s, the juvenile justice system began to adopt many of the reform themes that had been prevalent in adult corrections since the 1970s, including a focus on rehabilitation, community-based treatments, and a reduction in the reliance on incarceration.

Question 2

Compared with group homes, reform schools and training schools offer far less freedom to the child placed within them.

Accepted Answer

Reform schools and training schools are more restrictive environments designed for juvenile offenders, offering less freedom compared to group homes, which are residential facilities aimed at providing care and support in a less restrictive setting.

Question 3

In Roper v. Simmons, the Supreme Court established the minimum age of 16 for capital punishment cases.

Accepted Answer

In Roper v. Simmons (2005), the Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for crimes committed while under the age of 18.

Question 4

Most gang members are committed to violence because they like their violent lifestyle and are not scared of being hurt.

Accepted Answer

Most gang members engage in violence due to peer pressure, a need for protection, or to gain respect and status within the gang, rather than a personal enjoyment of violence or a lack of fear of being hurt.

Question 5

A delinquent is a child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents are unable to give proper care.

Accepted Answer

A delinquent is typically defined as a young person or a child who has committed a minor crime or is involved in illegal or antisocial behavior, not necessarily one without parents or proper care.

Question 6

The Puritans viewed the child as being evil.

Accepted Answer

The Puritans believed in the concept of original sin, which held that all humans are born sinful due to the transgression of Adam and Eve. This belief extended to children, who were seen as inherently sinful and in need of strict discipline and moral guidance to overcome their natural inclinations towards evil.

Question 7

Community service and restitution have been standard juvenile court dispositions for many years.

Accepted Answer

Community service and restitution have been utilized as standard dispositions in juvenile court for many years, aiming to rehabilitate young offenders by having them give back to the community or compensate victims for their losses.

Question 8

Juveniles who are waived may end up serving less actual time in confinement than those not waived on the same
type of offense.

Accepted Answer

Juveniles who are waived to adult court may receive sentences that, while potentially harsher in theory, often result in less time served due to the differences in sentencing structures and credit for time served in the adult system, compared to the juvenile system which may emphasize rehabilitation and longer periods of confinement under certain conditions.

Question 9

During the Crime Control Period of the juvenile justice system in America, proponents focused their efforts on rehabilitation of young offenders.

Accepted Answer

During the Crime Control Period, the focus shifted towards a more punitive approach, emphasizing accountability and punishment rather than rehabilitation.

Question 10

When Americans are asked to identify the two or three most serious problems children face, they cite ________.

Accepted Answer

Drugs and crime are frequently cited by Americans as among the most serious problems facing children today, reflecting widespread concerns about safety and exposure to illegal substances.

Question 11

According to the FBI, arrest rates for juveniles are dropping significantly.

Accepted Answer

The FBI has reported a consistent decline in juvenile arrest rates over the past few decades, indicating a significant drop in youth involvement in criminal activities.

Question 12

Juvenile delinquents disproportionately suffer from learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that a higher percentage of juvenile delinquents have learning disabilities compared to the general population, indicating a disproportionate occurrence among this group.

Question 13

Juvenile corrections suffers from fragmentation.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile corrections is often fragmented due to the involvement of multiple agencies and systems (such as courts, probation, detention centers, and rehabilitation programs) that may not always coordinate effectively, leading to inconsistencies in the treatment and management of juvenile offenders.

Question 14

Much gang violence is drug related.

Accepted Answer

Gang violence is often linked to the illegal drug trade, as gangs frequently engage in drug trafficking and distribution, leading to territorial disputes, rivalries, and violence to control drug markets and routes.

Question 15

Juvenile probation officers develop close ties with the offenders' families.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile probation officers often work closely with the offenders' families to better understand the home environment and to develop strategies for rehabilitation and support, aiming to prevent future offenses.

Question 16

Most juvenile crime is still minor misbehavior, not serious acts of violence that tend to dominate the news.

Accepted Answer

Most juvenile crimes involve minor misbehavior, such as vandalism, shoplifting, or underage drinking, rather than serious violent offenses. The perception of juvenile crime is often skewed by media focus on rare but dramatic acts of violence.

Question 17

The juvenile violent crime rate has increased by more than 50 percent since 1980.

Accepted Answer

The juvenile violent crime rate has actually shown significant decreases since its peak in the mid-1990s. While there were increases in juvenile violent crime rates leading up to the early 1990s, the overall trend since 1980, especially from the mid-1990s onwards, has been a decline, not an increase of more than 50 percent.

Question 18

Young people who are over the age of 18 should be handled in adult court because adult court will better prevent criminality.

Accepted Answer

The effectiveness of adult court in preventing criminality in young people over 18 is debated, and research suggests that juvenile justice systems, which focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment, might be more effective in reducing recidivism among young offenders.

Question 19

Removing a young person who has committed a serious crime from the community is the most often used juvenile sanction.

Accepted Answer

Community-based programs, such as probation or counseling, are more frequently used as sanctions for young offenders than removing them from the community.

Question 20

During the Juvenile Rights Period (1960-1980) in the United States, civil rights movements rallied to protect the rights of juveniles.

Accepted Answer

During the Juvenile Rights Period (1960-1980), there was significant advocacy and legal reform efforts aimed at protecting and enhancing the rights of juveniles in the justice system, influenced by the broader civil rights movements of the time.

Quiz 12: Corrections for Juveniles