Question 1

If in a pea plant,R is the dominant allele and represents a red flower and r is the recessive allele and represents a white flower,an organism that inherits the pair Rr will have which color flower?

Accepted Answer

The dominant trait (red color) will show up when the individual inherits at least one R allele, which is the case with Rr genotype. Therefore, the individual will have red flowers.

Question 2

The important aspects of Mendel's genetic studies include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Mendel's genetic studies demonstrated that inheritance is governed by discrete units (now known as genes), and that these units do not blend together during transmission from parent to offspring.

Question 3

Features that serve the same purpose on very dissimilar organisms are called ____.

Accepted Answer

Features that serve the same purpose but have different evolutionary origins are called analogous structures. Homologous structures, on the other hand, are features that have the same evolutionary origin but may serve different functions. Heterologous and exogenous are not terms used to describe biological features, and vestigial structures are features that once had a function in ancestral species, but no longer serve a purpose in the current organism.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a component of the Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The component that is not a part of the Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection is E, which states that all organisms can knowingly select their genetic direction. This is not a factor in natural selection, as it is a process that occurs randomly and is influenced by environmental pressures. The other choices, A-D, are all components of the theory and describe the process of natural selection.

Question 5

Who proposed the modern biological classification scheme?

Accepted Answer

Carolus Linnaeus proposed the modern biological classification scheme also known as binomial nomenclature. He is often referred to as the father of taxonomy.

Question 6

Whose original concept of inheritance did Lysenko's ideas reflect?

Accepted Answer

Lysenko's ideas reflected the original concept of inheritance proposed by Jean Baptiste de Lamarck, which was later discredited by the discovery of genetics. Lamarck proposed that acquired traits could be passed down to offspring, which Lysenko also believed.

Question 7

The science of genetics was developed based on experimental studies using fruit flies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The science of genetics was developed based...

Question 8

Linnaeus devised his classification scheme to provide a ____.

Accepted Answer

Linnaeus developed his classification system to categorize organisms with similar characteristics and to provide a standardized method for naming and organizing newly discovered species. His system is based on shared physical traits and has no connection to biblical creation or the theory of evolution.

Question 9

What are populations that have similar individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring called?

Accepted Answer

Populations that have similar individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring are called species.

Question 10

What led to changes in scientific thought in the 17ᵗʰ and 18ᵗʰ centuries?

Accepted Answer

The lesser influence of the church during this time period allowed for scientific thought to develop and expand without fear of persecution or censorship.

Answer: E
 All of these factors, including the development of radiometric age dating techniques, the discovery of fossils, the lesser influence of the church, and the opening of universities dedicated to sciences, contributed to changes in scientific thought during the 17ᵗʰ and 18ᵗʰ centuries.

Question 11

The Lysenko affair shows the absurdity of basing scientific theories on philosophic or political beliefs.

Accepted Answer

The Lysenko affair was a notorious episode in Soviet biology, during which the government-supported biologist Trofim Lysenko rejected the principles of Mendelian genetics in favor of Lamarckian inheritance, which fitted more neatly with Marxist philosophy. Lysenko's theories were scientifically unsound, but they were backed by the Soviet authorities for political reasons. The Lysenko affair revealed the danger of allowing political ideology to influence scientific research and the importance of basing theories on empirical evidence.

Question 12

Lysenko and his colleagues increased food production significantly.

Accepted Answer

Despite Lysenko's claims that his methods would increase food production, there is no evidence that his ideas actually had a significant positive impact on agriculture in the Soviet Union. Many scientists and experts criticized Lysenko's approach, and his policies may have actually contributed to a decline in crop yields and overall agricultural productivity.

Question 13

All of the following are trace fossils except ____.

Accepted Answer

Bones are not trace fossils, as they are the actual remains of organisms and not indirect evidence of their activity.

Question 14

The father of modern genetics is Alfred Wallace.

Accepted Answer

The father of modern genetics is Gregor Mendel. Alfred Wallace was a naturalist and biologist who developed the theory of evolution through natural selection with Charles Darwin.

Question 15

A clade is

Accepted Answer

A clade is a group of organisms and its most recent common ancestor. It represents a branch on a phylogenetic tree and includes all the descendants of that common ancestor. Clades are important in evolutionary biology as they help to understand the relatedness and evolutionary history of different groups of organisms.

Question 16

With the Linnaean classification scheme,as one moves down the hierarchy,the categories become more ____.

Accepted Answer

As one moves down the Linnaean classification hierarchy, from kingdom to species, the categories become more exclusive, meaning they include fewer types of organisms but those organisms share more specific common characteristics.

Question 17

The important aspect(s)of mutation is(are)that they ____.

Accepted Answer

Mutations occur in sex cells that are inheritable and are random in terms of fitness of organisms.

Question 18

Lysenko's research was endorsed by the Soviet government because it seemed compatible with Marxist-Leninist philosophy.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Lysenko's theory of inheritance, which rejected the idea of genes and instead proposed that acquired characteristics could be passed down from generation to generation, was seen as aligned with Marxist-Leninist ideology, which rejected the idea of inherited differences between individuals. The Soviet government under Stalin supported Lysenko's theories and persecuted geneticists who disagreed with him.

Question 19

Structures which are superficially dissimilar but have the same structure in terms of bones,muscles,nerves,and blood vessels are ____.

Accepted Answer

Homologous structures are those that are similar in different species because they share a common ancestry, even if they have different functions. They have the same basic structure in terms of bones, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.

Question 20

The fossil record shows a sequence of variations based on what?

Accepted Answer

The fossil record shows a sequence of variations based on different life forms, indicating the progression and evolution of species over time.

Quiz 18: Organic Evolution The Theory and Its Supporting Evidence