Question 1

An instrument that detects,records,and measures vibrations produced by an earthquake is called a(n)____________________.

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Question 2

The elastic rebound theory of earthquakes postulates that rocks store the energy of ____________________ by bending until their internal strength is surpassed and they ____________________ and return to their former place.

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Question 3

What is the highest temperature found on or in Earth,and why is that location so hot?

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Question 4

Explain the differences between the magnitude and the intensity of an earthquake,in terms of how each is measured or observed.

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Question 5

The theory of elastic rebound was proposed as a result of studies following the ____________________ earthquake in the year ____________________.

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Question 6

Seismic waves that cause a rolling or swaying motion of the surface of the ground are called ____________________.

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Question 7

What is Earth's average density,what are the average surface rock densities,and what does this tell us about the interior of Earth?

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Question 8

Why do structures located on thick,soft sediment,especially water-saturated or artificial fill,suffer much greater damage than structures built on bedrock?

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Question 9

Why are the paths of seismic waves curved?

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Question 10

For what purpose is seismic tomography used?

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Question 11

What evidence do scientists use to estimate the density and composition of the core?

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Question 12

Almost all intermediate- to deep-focus earthquakes occur along ____________________ plate boundaries.

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Question 13

The study of earthquakes is called ____________________.

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Question 14

Explain the differences between the magnitude and the intensity of an earthquake,in terms of how many intensities and magnitudes a single earthquake can have.

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Question 15

What is paleoseismology,and why is it important?

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Question 16

The ____________________ or focus of an earthquake is the location within the crust where the energy of an earthquake is released.The ____________________ is the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus.

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Question 17

Why do earthquakes of similar size often have such large differences in their destructiveness? Why are they so different in the number of people they kill?

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Question 18

What happens to P-waves and S-waves when they encounter the core-mantle boundary,and what does this change in behavior indicate about the core?

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Question 19

The two major types of seismic waves are ____________________ waves and ____________________ waves.

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Question 20

Why do we know that the geothermal gradient near the surface cannot continue very deeply into Earth?

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Quiz 9: Earthquakes and Earth's Interior