Question 1

What is the medical term for a fungal infection of the nail plate?
A) Paronychia
B) Onychomycosis
C) Tinea corporis
D) Tinea capitis

Accepted Answer

Onychomycosis is the only term used to identify a fungal or dermatophyte infection of the nail plate that occurs in 2% to 18% of the population.

Question 2

A small (less than 1 cm)lesion with regular edges and bristlelike hairs with a color change that can range from skin tones to light brown characterize which form of nevus?
A) Junctional
B) Epidermal
C) Intradermal
D) Compound

Accepted Answer

Only intradermal nevus is characterized by a small (less than 1 cm)lesion with regular edges and bristlelike hairs with a color change that can range from skin tones to light brown.

Question 3

The alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?
A) myc
B) TP53
C) src
D) Ras

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma arises as a consequence of ultraviolet-associated mutation in only the TP53 tumor-suppressor gene leading to the loss of keratinocyte repair functions and apoptosis resistance of DNA-damaged cells.

Question 4

Lesions that usually have depressed centers with rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck characterize which malignancy?
A) Squamous cell carcinoma
B) Kaposi sarcoma
C) Malignant melanoma
D) Basal cell carcinoma

Accepted Answer

Of the available options,only basal cell carcinoma has depressed centers with rolled borders.Lesions are most often observed on people who live in regions with intense sunlight and on those areas of the skin most exposed-namely,the face and neck.

Question 5

Which statements are true regarding Kaposi sarcoma? (Select all that apply.)
A) South America has been the site of the endemic form of Kaposi sarcoma.
B) Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular malignancy.
C) It is associated with drug-induced immunosuppression.
D) Kaposi sarcoma is associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
E) Presentation of the classic form of Kaposi sarcoma is observed on the lower legs of older men.

Accepted Answer

Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular malignancy with four different presentations: (1)it is associated with drug-induced immunosuppression; (2)its endemic form has been found in equatorial Africa,(3)the classic form appears on the lower legs of older men,and (4)it is associated with AIDS.

Question 6

Women who develop hirsutism may be secreting hormones associated with which condition? (Select all that apply.)
A) Adrenal hyperplasia
B) Cushing disease
C) Polycystic ovaries
D) Addison disease
E) Adrenal tumor

Accepted Answer

Women who develop hirsutism may be secreting hormones associated with ovarian or adrenal disease.Such women should be evaluated for polycystic ovaries,adrenal hyperplasia,or adrenal tumors.Neither Cushing nor Addison diseases are associated with hirsutism.

Question 7

What effect does normal aging have on the wound healing process? (Select all that apply.)
A) Decreased cell proliferation
B) Decreased blood supply
C) Depressed immune responses
D) Depressed appetite
E) Decreased cognitive function

Accepted Answer

Decreased cell proliferation,decreased blood supply,and depressed immune responses delay wound healing in aging skin.The other options are not related to wound healing progress.

Question 8

Which medications may exacerbate existing psoriasis? (Select all that apply.)
A) Antibiotics
B) Calcium channel blockers
C) Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
D) Beta blockers
E) Lithium

Accepted Answer

Antimalarial drugs,lithium,NSAIDs,and beta-blockers tend to exacerbate existing psoriasis.This statement is not true of the remaining options.

Question 9

What term is used to identify an inflamed hair root?
A) Tinea
B) Verruca
C) Furuncle
D) Erysipelas

Accepted Answer

A furuncle,or "boil," is used to identify an inflammation of the hair follicles (root)that may develop from a preceding folliculitis and spread through the follicular wall into the surrounding dermis.

Question 10

Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma?
A) Endothelial
B) Keratinocyte
C) Melanocyte
D) Exothelial

Accepted Answer

Only the endothelial cell is thought to be the progenitor of Kaposi sarcoma,but the specific origin is elusive.

Question 11

Which inflammatory mediators are active in frostbite? (Select all that apply.)
A) Leukotrienes
B) Histamine
C) Prostaglandins
D) Bradykinin
E) Thromboxanes

Accepted Answer

The inflammatory mediators of frostbite are similar to burns and include prostaglandins,thromboxanes,bradykinin,and histamine.Leukotrienes are not associated with frostbite.

Question 12

Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
-Varicella (chickenpox),herpes zoster (shingles)
A)Elevated, firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with a flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid and transient with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed, superficial lesion filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter

Accepted Answer

Varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles) both present with vesicles, which are elevated, circumscribed, superficial lesions filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter.

Question 13

What is the purpose of administering ibuprofen to individuals being treated for frostbite?
A) Treating fever
B) Preventing plate aggregation
C) Reducing pain
D) Inhibiting prostaglandins

Accepted Answer

Ibuprophen is used to inhibit prostaglandins.Although ibuprofen may be administered for the other reasons stated,those applications are not related to the treatment of frostbite.

Question 14

What name is given to a benign proliferation of basal cells that produces smooth or warty elevated lesions on the chest,back,and face that are tan or waxy,yellow,flesh-colored,or dark brown to black?
A) Basal keratosis
B) Seborrheic keratosis
C) Keratoacanthoma
D) Actinic keratosis

Accepted Answer

Seborrheic keratosis is a benign proliferation of cutaneous basal cells that produces smooth or warty elevated lesions.The pathogenetic origin is unknown.Seborrheic keratosis usually occurs in older people as multiple lesions on the chest,back,and face.The color varies from tan to waxy,yellow,flesh-colored,or dark brown to black.No other option exhibits these characteristics.

Question 15

Which statements are true regarding a nevus? (Select all that apply.)
A) A nevus is an aggregation of melanocytes
B) Nevi begin to form at the ages of 3 to 5 years.
C) Nevi are characterized by irregular borders.
D) Nevi share a relationship with melanoma.
E) Nevi always warrant being removed.

Accepted Answer

A nevus,or mole,is a benign pigmented or nonpigmented lesions that form from melanocytes beginning at ages 3 to 5 years.Over time the cells move down into the dermis and the nevi become nodular and symmetrical without irregular borders.Nevi may undergo transition to malignant melanomas.Nevi repeatedly traumatized,irritated by clothing,or large lesions can be excised.

Question 16

Scleroderma is associated with _________________.
A) X-linked recessive gene
B) X-linked dominant gene
C) Virus
D) Autoantibodies

Accepted Answer

Scleroderma means sclerosis of the skin and is associated with immune dysregulation and several autoantibodies.This selection is the only option associated with scleroderma.

Question 17

Bowen disease is a form of which type of cancer?
A) Kaposi sarcoma
B) Malignant melanoma
C) Basal cell carcinoma
D) Squamous cell carcinoma

Accepted Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)is a tumor of the epidermis and the second most common human cancer.Two types are characterized: (1)in situ (Bowen disease)and (2)invasive.Bowen disease is not a form of any of the other options.

Question 18

Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found.
-Urticaria,allergic reaction
A)Elevated, firm circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter
B)Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with a flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
C)Flat circumscribed area that is less than 1 cm in diameter
D)Elevated irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid and transient with a variable diameter
E)Elevated circumscribed, superficial lesion filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter

Accepted Answer

Urticaria, or hives, is characterized by elevated, irregular-shaped areas of cutaneous edema that are solid and transient, which matches description D.

Question 19

Which intervention is included in the treatment of frostbite?
A) Applying local, dry heat
B) Rubbing or massaging the area
C) Immersing in warm water
D) Leaving the area uncovered

Accepted Answer

Immersion in a warm-water bath (40° to 42° C [104° to 107.6° F])until frozen tissue is thawed is the best treatment for frostbite.Rubbing or massaging the area would damage the traumatized cells.The remaining options have no therapeutic value for frostbite.

Question 20

Which skin lesion is mediated by the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated release of histamine,bradykinin,or kallikrein from mast cells?
A) Dermatitis
B) Scleroderma
C) Urticaria
D) Cutaneous vasculitis

Accepted Answer

Only urticaria is mediated by the IgE-stimulated release of histamine,bradykinin,or kallikrein from mast cells or basophils,or both,which causes the endothelial cells of skin blood vessels to contract.

Quiz 46: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

What is the medical term for a fungal infection of the nail plate?

A small (less than 1 cm) lesion with regular edges and bristlelike hairs with a color change that can range from skin tones to light brown characterize which form of nevus?

The alteration of which gene is associated with basal cell carcinoma?

Lesions that usually have depressed centers with rolled borders and are frequently located on the face and neck characterize which malignancy?

Which statements are true regarding Kaposi sarcoma? (Select all that apply.)

Women who develop hirsutism may be secreting hormones associated with which condition? (Select all that apply.)

What effect does normal aging have on the wound healing process? (Select all that apply.)

Which medications may exacerbate existing psoriasis? (Select all that apply.)

What term is used to identify an inflamed hair root?

Which cell is thought to be the progenitor cell of Kaposi sarcoma?

Which inflammatory mediators are active in frostbite? (Select all that apply.)

Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found. -Varicella (chickenpox) ,herpes zoster (shingles)

What is the purpose of administering ibuprofen to individuals being treated for frostbite?

What name is given to a benign proliferation of basal cells that produces smooth or warty elevated lesions on the chest,back,and face that are tan or waxy,yellow,flesh-colored,or dark brown to black?

Which statements are true regarding a nevus? (Select all that apply.)

Scleroderma is associated with _________________.

Bowen disease is a form of which type of cancer?

Match the descriptions of the skin lesions with the disorder where it is found. -Urticaria,allergic reaction

Which intervention is included in the treatment of frostbite?

Which skin lesion is mediated by the immunoglobulin E (IgE) -stimulated release of histamine,bradykinin,or kallikrein from mast cells?