Quiz 15: Communicable and Infectious Disease Risks

A nurse is utilizing the provisions created by the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Treatment Extension Act. Which of the following interventions is the nurse most likely performing? A) Increasing AIDS awareness in the community B) Determining available health care services for HIV-infected individuals C) Preventing the transmission of AIDS to children from their mothers D) Allowing persons in the final stages of HIV to die with dignity

Which part of the immunological system suffers the greatest damage resulting from HIV infection? A) Dendrite cells B) CD4+ T-lymphocytes C) Macrophages D) Monocytes

HIV transmission can occur through contact with what? A) Contaminated blood B) Insect bites C) Shared eating utensils D) Contaminated toilets

A public health nurse (PHN) is reviewing Healthy People 2020 to determine where to prioritize programming for the county health department. Based on Healthy People 2020, which of the following areas would the nurse most likely plan to implement programming? A) Reduce the rate of HIV transmission among adults and adolescents. B) Eliminate sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) from developed countries. C) Reduce deaths from gonorrhea. D) Increase awareness about HIV in the LGBTQ population.

A nurse is examining the route of HIV transmission for a newly diagnosed HIV client. Which of the following would most likely be discovered by the nurse? A) Having contact with an HIV-positive individual who is coughing B) An infant receiving breast milk from an HIV-positive mother C) Receiving a mosquito bite while in Africa D) Being near an HIV-positive individual who is sneezing

A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed HIV positive. Which of the following roles of the nurse would be the most important for the nurse to implement? A) Advocate, lobbying for AIDS research B) Counselor, discussing implications of future sexual activity C) Role model, providing supportive care D) Policy maker, addressing laws governing privacy rights of HIV-positive persons

A nurse is working in a public health center. A patient who has been newly diagnosed as HIV positive comes for counseling. By law, which of the following actions must be taken by the nurse? A) Give antiviral medications to the patient. B) Ask the person to name all his or her sexual contacts. C) Refer the patient to the social worker for case management. D) Report the HIV-infected person to the state health department.

In comparison with HIV infection in adults, what is true concerning HIV infection in infants and children? A) They present with the same signs and symptoms. B) They have a shorter incubation period. C) They experience a longer survival period. D) They are diagnosed using the same tests.

A nurse counsels a client to have the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) test. Which of the following best describes the rationale for this test? A) To indicate the presence of the antibody to HIV B) To reveal whether the client has AIDS C) To isolate the HIV virus D) To confirm HIV after having a positive Western blot

A nurse is examining a child in the early stages of HIV infection. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? A) Failure to thrive and developmental delays B) Kaposi's sarcoma and developmental delays C) Toxoplasmosis and oral candidiasis D) Fatigue and shortness of breath

What is the most common reportable infectious disease in the United States? A) Gonorrhea B) Syphilis C) Herpes D) Chlamydia

A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI). Which of the following infections does this client most likely have? A) Trichomonas B) HIV C) Syphilis D) Genital warts

A nurse is assisting an employer who has hired an individual who has been recently diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement? A) Educate about how to reduce the risk of breaching the employee's confidentiality. B) Explain how to inform coworkers about avoiding HIV transmission. C) Facilitate obtaining medical insurance coverage for the HIV-infected employee. D) Describe the early signs and symptoms of HIV infection.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common complication of which sexually transmitted infection (STI)? A) Gonorrhea B) Syphilis C) Chlamydia D) Herpes

A person diagnosed with syphilis presents with signs and symptoms of rash, sore throat, and muscle and joint pain. Which of the following stages of syphilis is the client most likely experiencing? A) Congenital B) Primary C) Secondary D) Tertiary

Which type of hepatitis would likely be found where sanitation is inadequate? A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which of the following groups would be most likely to receive an injection of prophylactic immune globulin for possible exposure to hepatitis A? A) Persons who have had direct contact with blood B) Those who ate at the same restaurant as the person with hepatitis A C) All health care workers D) All those who had household or sexual contact with persons with hepatitis A

What is the most chronic bloodborne infection in the United States? A) Hepatitis A B) Hepatitis B C) Hepatitis C D) HIV

The case rate of new tuberculosis (TB) is highest among which ethnicity in the United States? A) African American B) Native American C) White American D) Asian American

A nurse screens blood product, donor organs, and tissues for the hepatitis C infection. Which of the following best describes this nursing action? A) Primary prevention B) Secondary prevention C) Tertiary prevention D) Health promotion

A nurse is uncomfortable discussing such topics as sexual behavior and sexual orientation when counseling clients and avoids this topic with clients. Which of the following is the most likely outcome of this avoidance? A) Potential risks and risky behaviors will not be identified. B) Transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) will remain unchanged. C) Clients will develop a trusting relationship with health care providers. D) The nurse will be violating the laws in several states.

A nurse is educating intravenous (IV) drug users about sharing equipment. Which of the following information would be appropriate for the nurse to include in this education? A) Tell the clients to throw away their equipment after one use. B) Educate the clients on using full-strength bleach on their drug paraphernalia for 30 seconds. C) Suggest limiting the number of people who share the equipment. D) Provide clean needles and syringes to whoever wants them.

A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with gonorrhea how to prevent reinfection and further spread. Which of the following describes the action taken by the nurse? A) Primary prevention B) Secondary prevention C) Tertiary prevention D) Primary health care

The nurse teaches the family of an AIDS client about managing symptomatic illness by preventing deteriorating conditions, such as diarrhea, skin breakdown, and inadequate nutrition. Which of the following best describes the action taken by the nurse? A) Primary prevention B) Secondary prevention C) Tertiary prevention D) Primary health care

A community health nurse visits a homeless shelter to provide directly observed therapy (DOT) to several clients who have been diagnosed with TB. Which of the following best describes the rationale for this nursing intervention? A) Homeless clients do not care about their health. B) Homeless clients do not have access to medications. C) Poor adherence can result in drug resistance. D) These medications are so powerful, clients must be observed for reactions.

The nurse is counseling a female who has recently tested positive for HIV. Which of the following will the nurse educate that the client is responsible for? (Select all that apply.) A) Have regular medical evaluations and follow-ups. B) Donate blood and plasma to others who are positive for the disease. C) Inform health care providers about the HIV infection. D) Consider the risk of perinatal transmission. E) Disclose her HIV infection to her employer.