Which of the following is a type of independent variable that is controlled by the researcher by manipulating a 'treatment' that one group of participants receive and the control group does not?
If you were to test whether males and females differed on a measure of the communication of intimacy in friendship relationships, you would most likely use:
A student conducted a research study by surveying his fraternity brothers about their political attitudes. This study might well have a problem with _____________-
If you were to compare the mean scores of people living in the U.S., China, Japan and Russia on a test of introversion-extroversion, you would most likely use: