Question 1

the most important and widely used stream cipher is __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of the most important and widely used stream...

Question 2

If the algorithm is good the resulting sequences will pass many reasonable tests of randomness.these numbers are referred to as ___________ numbers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the algorithm is good the resulting...

Question 3

the best that can be done to determine if a PRNG generates numbers that have the characteristic of randomness is on the basis of multiple tests.these tests should seek to establish uniformity, scalability, and __________ .
A)consistency
B)authentication
C)frequency
D)sequencing

Accepted Answer

Consistency is important to ensure that the PRNG generates numbers that are uniformly distributed and independent over time, which are key characteristics of randomness.

Question 4

An algorithm that is used to produce an open-ended sequence of bits is referred to as a ___________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of An algorithm that is used to produce...

Question 5

two approaches that use a block cipher to build a PNRG and have gained widespread acceptance are:
A)CtR mode and CFB mode
B)CtR mode and OFB mode
C)CBC mode and CFB mode
D)OFB mode and ECB mode

Accepted Answer

CtR (Counter) mode and OFB (Output Feedback) mode are both used in constructing Pseudo-Random Number Generators (PRNGs) because they can produce a keystream that can be used for cryptographic purposes, including the generation of pseudo-random numbers.

Question 6

the __________ is drawn from the physical environment of the computer and could include things such as keystroke timing patterns, disk electrical activity, mouse movements, and instantaneous values of the system clock.

Accepted Answer

The answer of the __________ is drawn from the physical...

Question 7

the purpose of the __________ test is to determine whether the number of runs of ones and zeros of various lengths is as expected for a random sequence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of the purpose of the __________ test is...

Question 8

A __________ uses a nondeterministic source to produce randomness.
A)CSPRBG
B)tRNG
C)PRNG
D)BBS

Accepted Answer

A True Random Number Generator (tRNG) uses a nondeterministic source, such as physical phenomena, to produce randomness, unlike algorithms or deterministic processes.

Question 9

the __________ test is the most basic test of randomness and must be included in any test suite.
A)frequency
B)runs
C)unpredictability
D)Maurer

Accepted Answer

The frequency test is the most basic test of randomness, assessing whether the number of ones and zeros in a sequence are approximately equal, which is a fundamental property of random sequences.

Question 10

Various methods of modifying a bit stream to reduce or eliminate a bias have been develope D.these are referred to as ___________ algorithms.
A)backward
B)deskewing
C)forward
D)keystream

Accepted Answer

Deskewing algorithms are specifically designed to reduce or eliminate bias in a bit stream, ensuring that the data does not favor any particular pattern or outcome.

Question 11

__________ is an open source project for creating truly random numbers using inexpensive cameras, open source code, and inexpensive hardware.
A)LavaRnd
B)Blum, Blum, Shub
C)Maurer's statistics
D)Entropy

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is an open source project for...

Question 12

In key distribution and reciprocal authentication schemes two communicating parties cooperate by exchanging messages to distribute keys and/or authenticate each other.In many cases ___________ are used for handshaking to prevent replay attacks.
A)session keys
B)nonces
C)RC4s
D)entropies

Accepted Answer

Nonces are unique numbers or strings used once in communication protocols to prevent replay attacks by ensuring that each session or message is unique.

Question 13

A __________ is a symmetric encryption algorithm in which ciphertext output is produced bit-by-bit or byte-by-byte from a stream of plaintext input.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A __________ is a symmetric encryption algorithm...

Question 14

typically the __________ takes as input a seed plus some context specific values such as a user ID or an application ID.

Accepted Answer

The answer of typically the __________ takes as input a...

Question 15

the Blum, Blum, Shub generator is referred to as a ____________ .
A)tRNG
B)OFB PRNG
C)QRN
D)CSPRBG

Accepted Answer

The Blum, Blum, Shub generator is referred to as a Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generator (CSPRNG), which is designed to ensure that the output is unpredictable, assuming the hardness of certain mathematical problems.

Question 16

two criteria used to validate that a sequence of numbers is random are uniform distribution and __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of two criteria used to validate that a...

Question 17

the Linux operating system uses _________ entropy sources for generating random numbers.
A)four
B)three
C)one
D)two

Accepted Answer

The Linux operating system uses four entropy sources for generating random numbers: the keyboard, the mouse, the network, and the hard disk.

Question 18

two distinct requirements for a sequence of random numbers are unpredictability and __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of two distinct requirements for a sequence of...

Question 19

A stream of pseudorandom numbers should exhibit two forms of unpredictability: forward and __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stream of pseudorandom numbers should exhibit...

Question 20

the distribution of bits in a random number sequence should be ___________ , therefore the frequency of occurrence of ones and zeros should be approximately equal.
A)independent
B)uniform
C)reversed
D)streamed

Accepted Answer

A uniform distribution ensures that the frequency of occurrence of ones and zeros is approximately equal in a random number sequence.

Quiz 8: Random Bit Generation and Stream Ciphers

the most important and widely used stream cipher is __________ .

If the algorithm is good the resulting sequences will pass many reasonable tests of randomness.these numbers are referred to as ___________ numbers.

the best that can be done to determine if a PRNG generates numbers that have the characteristic of randomness is on the basis of multiple tests.these tests should seek to establish uniformity, scalability, and __________ .

An algorithm that is used to produce an open-ended sequence of bits is referred to as a ___________ .

two approaches that use a block cipher to build a PNRG and have gained widespread acceptance are:

the __________ is drawn from the physical environment of the computer and could include things such as keystroke timing patterns, disk electrical activity, mouse movements, and instantaneous values of the system clock.

the purpose of the __________ test is to determine whether the number of runs of ones and zeros of various lengths is as expected for a random sequence.

A __________ uses a nondeterministic source to produce randomness.

the __________ test is the most basic test of randomness and must be included in any test suite.

Various methods of modifying a bit stream to reduce or eliminate a bias have been develope D.these are referred to as ___________ algorithms.

__________ is an open source project for creating truly random numbers using inexpensive cameras, open source code, and inexpensive hardware.

In key distribution and reciprocal authentication schemes two communicating parties cooperate by exchanging messages to distribute keys and/or authenticate each other.In many cases ___________ are used for handshaking to prevent replay attacks.

A __________ is a symmetric encryption algorithm in which ciphertext output is produced bit-by-bit or byte-by-byte from a stream of plaintext input.

typically the __________ takes as input a seed plus some context specific values such as a user ID or an application ID.

the Blum, Blum, Shub generator is referred to as a ____________ .

two criteria used to validate that a sequence of numbers is random are uniform distribution and __________ .

the Linux operating system uses _________ entropy sources for generating random numbers.

two distinct requirements for a sequence of random numbers are unpredictability and __________ .

A stream of pseudorandom numbers should exhibit two forms of unpredictability: forward and __________ .

the distribution of bits in a random number sequence should be ___________ , therefore the frequency of occurrence of ones and zeros should be approximately equal.