Essentials of Biology Study Set 4

In the infamous anthrax attacks of 2001, several letters were received at the offices of two U.S. senators and various news media outlets. The letters contained dry granular or powdery material. Seventeen people who came into contact with the material from the letters suffered anthrax infections; five more died of anthrax. How could dried-out material cause anthrax?

Cell-like structures that may have resulted from macromolecular self-assembly are referred to as

Animal viruses that have an envelope enter cells by

Which means of genetic recombination in bacteria is facilitated by use of a pilus?

A virus is specific to a particular type of host cell because

Which of the following provides support for the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

Which of the following statements regarding bacterial endospores is false?

Which is the correct order of events in the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?

Retroviruses

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) damages and kills susceptible citrus trees around the world. It can be spread by grafting of infected plants, and by aphids, insects with piercing mouthparts that they use to suck fluid from plants. Which of the following would be ineffective in controlling the spread of CTV?

Viroids and prions are alike in that both are infectious

Why don't new biological macromolecules form abiotically from nonliving matter on the Earth today?

Which of the following is an emerging virus?

A researcher infects a bacterium with a bacteriophage and notices that the infection does not immediately bring about the destruction of the host cell. Instead, the phage's genetic material is copied whenever the host reproduces. Which viral replication cycle is described here?

How are the algae traditionally categorized?

Which of the following is a characteristic only found in some viruses?

A bacteria's genetic material can include

Your task as a researcher is to develop a new drug to prevent retrovirus infections in newly exposed individuals. Which of the means listed is likely to be the most effective?

Which species are representatives of the green algae?

What would you most likely call a long chain of bacterial cells that are spherical in shape?