Question 1

Which dark circular structure of the eye is surrounded by the iris?

Accepted Answer

The pupil is the dark circular structure in the center of the iris, which controls the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 2

The tympanic membrane refers to which structure?

Accepted Answer

The tympanic membrane is another term for the eardrum, which is a thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves.

Question 3

After a concussion, a 17-year-old boy says that he is sensitive to light and needs to wear sunglasses when inside. This excessive sensitivity to light is referred to as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Photophobia is the term used to describe excessive sensitivity to light, which can be a symptom following a concussion.

Question 4

What is the term for the region of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina?

Accepted Answer

The optic disc is the region in the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. It is also known as the blind spot because it lacks photoreceptor cells, making it insensitive to light.

Question 5

Which term means sensory nerve endings that respond to various kinds of stimulation?

Accepted Answer

Receptors are specialized cells or nerve endings that respond to changes in the environment, such as light, sound, touch, or chemicals, and transmit signals to the nervous system for interpretation.

Question 6

A patient reports she no longer drives at night because she has difficulty seeing. Which of the following terms matches this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Nyctalopia, also known as night blindness, is the condition described where a person has difficulty seeing in low light or at night.

Question 7

What is the term for examination of the ear using an otoscope?

Accepted Answer

Otoscopy is the examination of the ear canal and eardrum using an otoscope.

Question 8

A 7-year-old girl complains of an earache. What is the term for this?

Accepted Answer

Otalgia specifically refers to ear pain, which is what the girl is experiencing.

Question 9

A 14-year-old boy who is on the high school swim team complains of pain in his ear. His physician diagnoses the pain as swimmer's ear, resulting from exposure to a fungus. What is the term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Otomycosis is the term for a fungal infection of the ear, commonly referred to as swimmer's ear when it occurs due to exposure to fungi from water activities.

Question 10

Which term means drooping of the eyelid?

Accepted Answer

Ptosis is the medical term for drooping of the eyelid, which can affect one or both eyes.

Question 11

The bones of the inner ear include the stapes, malleus, and which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The stapes, malleus, and incus are the three small bones in the middle ear that are key components in the process of hearing.

Question 12

Which of the following cause refraction of light rays?

Accepted Answer

Refraction of light rays is primarily caused by the change in speed of light as it passes through different mediums, which is directly influenced by the shape and thickness of the lens in the eye. This allows the eye to focus light rays onto the retina, enabling clear vision.

Question 13

Which of the following is a measure of the ability to distinguish letters and numbers at a given distance?

Accepted Answer

Visual acuity is the measure of the eye's ability to distinguish the details and shapes of objects, specifically letters and numbers at a given distance, making it the correct answer.

Question 14

A patient reports she has been having difficulty smelling since her cold started. What is this impairment called?

Accepted Answer

Anosmia is the correct term for the loss of the sense of smell, which can occur due to a cold or other factors affecting the nasal passages.

Question 15

Which type of receptor cells are rods and cones of the eye?

Accepted Answer

Rods and cones are photoreceptors, which means they are sensitive to light. They convert light into signals that can be interpreted by the brain, allowing us to see.

Question 16

Which term means the testing of the sensitivity of the sense of hearing?

Accepted Answer

Audiometry is the testing method used to measure the sensitivity of a person's sense of hearing across a range of frequencies.

Question 17

Which structure is responsible for transmission of visual information to the brain?

Accepted Answer

The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain.

Question 18

A test for visual acuity uses letters and numbers or symbols arranged in decreasing size from top to bottom. Which of the following is used in the test just described?

Accepted Answer

The test described is conducted using a Snellen chart, which is specifically designed to measure visual acuity by displaying letters, numbers, or symbols in decreasing sizes.

Question 19

A 9-year-old girl complains that she cannot see the chalkboard at school. She is able to read the work at her desk. What is the term for this irregularity in vision?

Accepted Answer

Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a common vision condition where individuals can see objects near to them clearly, but objects farther away appear blurry. The scenario described fits myopia, as the girl can read work at her desk (near vision) but cannot see the chalkboard at school (far vision).

Question 20

A 5-year-old boy has matter in his eye and is diagnosed with "pink eye." Which of the following is another term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Conjunctivitis is the medical term for "pink eye," a condition characterized by inflammation or infection of the outer membrane of the eyeball and the inner eyelid.

Quiz 11: Peripheral Nervous System: Special Sense Organs