Question 1

Which of the following categories of speech are NOT protected by the First Amendment?
A) fighting words
B) incitement to violent action
C) protest speech
D) obscenity

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

______ is defined as speech that denigrates, humiliates, and attacks individuals on account of race, religion, ethnicity, nationality, gender, sexual preference, or other personal characteristics and preferences.
A) Hate speech
B) Libel
C) Threat
D) Obscenity

Accepted Answer

Hate speech is specifically aimed at attacking or demeaning individuals or groups based on personal characteristics such as race, religion, ethnicity, gender, and sexual preference, among others.

Question 3

______ is a system of government based on a constitution that limits the powers of the government.
A) Constitutional democracy
B) Legal democracy
C) Constitutional law
D) Criminal law

Accepted Answer

A constitutional democracy is a form of government where the powers of the government are limited by a constitution, ensuring that the rights and freedoms of the citizens are protected.

Question 4

The constitutional law against ______ laws is based on the familiar interest in providing individuals notice of criminal conduct and protecting individuals against "after the fact" statutes.
A) void for vagueness laws
B) statutory clarity laws
C) bill of attainder laws
D) ex post facto laws

Accepted Answer

The constitutional law against ex post facto laws is designed to protect individuals from being prosecuted for actions that were legal at the time they were committed but became illegal after the fact. This principle ensures that laws are not applied retroactively, providing individuals with clear notice of what is considered criminal behavior.

Question 5

All of the following are protections under the Equal Protection Clause EXCEPT ______.
A) rational basis
B) intermediate scrutiny
C) strict scrutiny
D) rule of legality

Accepted Answer

The Equal Protection Clause, part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, does not include the "rule of legality" as a standard of review. The clause is interpreted through three main standards of review when evaluating laws or government actions for potential discrimination: rational basis, intermediate scrutiny, and strict scrutiny. The "rule of legality" is not a standard used in this context.

Question 6

Which of the following constitutional provision(s) contains the self-incrimination clause?
A) First Amendment
B) Third Amendment
C) Fifth Amendment
D) Ninth Amendment

Accepted Answer

The Fifth Amendment contains the self-incrimination clause, which protects individuals from being compelled to incriminate themselves.

Question 7

Which of the following types of speech is considered to be one of the central challenges confronting the First Amendment?
A) hate speech
B) political speech
C) symbolic speech
D) religious speech

Accepted Answer

Hate speech is considered one of the central challenges confronting the First Amendment because it tests the balance between freedom of speech and the protection against harmful, offensive, or discriminatory language.

Question 8

The doctrine of legality is reflected in all of the following constitutional principles EXCEPT ______.
A) bill of attainder
B) ex post facto laws
C) statutory clarity
D) scrutiny tests

Accepted Answer

The doctrine of legality, which ensures laws are clear, publicized, and apply equally, is directly related to principles like bill of attainder, ex post facto laws, and statutory clarity, ensuring fairness and predictability in law. Scrutiny tests, however, are judicial standards used to determine the constitutionality of laws, not a direct reflection of the doctrine of legality.

Question 9

The courts apply a(n) ______ test in examining distinctions based on race and national origin.
A) rational basis
B) intermediate scrutiny
C) strict scrutiny
D) rule of legality

Accepted Answer

The courts apply a strict scrutiny test when examining distinctions based on race and national origin, requiring the government to prove that the classification is necessary to achieve a compelling state interest.

Question 10

The ______ are the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution that create rights against the federal government.
A) Preamble
B) Bill of Rights
C) rules of legality
D) bills of attainder

Accepted Answer

The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which outline and guarantee rights and freedoms against infringement by the federal government.

Question 11

The ______ doctrine was aimed at ensuring that statutes clearly inform citizens of prohibited acts while simultaneously providing definite standards for the enforcement of the law.
A) void for vagueness
B) ex post facto
C) bill of attainder
D) statutory clarity

Accepted Answer

The "void for vagueness" doctrine is aimed at ensuring that laws are written in a clear and precise manner, so that individuals are aware of what is prohibited and law enforcement has clear standards for enforcement. This doctrine prevents the enforcement of statutes that are too vague to be understood.

Question 12

A ______ is a legislative act that punishes an individual or group of persons without the benefit of a trial.
A) rule of legality
B) bill of attainder
C) ex post facto law
D) scrutiny test

Accepted Answer

A bill of attainder is a legislative act that singles out an individual or group for punishment without a trial, violating the principle of separation of powers by allowing the legislative body to perform judicial functions.

Question 13

Which amendment(s) prohibit(s) a state from depriving individuals of "life, liberty, or property without due process of the law"?
A) First Amendment
B) Fourteenth Amendment
C) Nineteenth Amendment
D) Twentieth Amendment

Accepted Answer

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution includes the Due Process Clause, which prohibits states from depriving any person of "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." This is a key provision that protects individual rights against state actions.

Question 14

The doctrine of ______ provides that a statute is unconstitutional if it is drafted so broadly and imprecisely that it encompasses and prohibits a substantial amount of protected speech relative to the coverage of the statute.
A) overbreadth
B) jurisprudence
C) overcriminalization
D) multiple penology

Accepted Answer

The doctrine of overbreadth is concerned with laws that are written so broadly that they infringe on First Amendment rights by prohibiting a substantial amount of protected speech in addition to the activities they aim to regulate or prohibit.

Question 15

Which of the following cases was the first to recognize the right to privacy?
A) Griswold v. Connecticut
B) Lawrence v. Texas
C) State v. Stanko
D) Carey v. Population Services International

Accepted Answer

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) was the first case in which the United States Supreme Court explicitly recognized that the Constitution protected a right to privacy, specifically in the context of marital privacy regarding the use of contraceptives.

Question 16

The majority of the first 10 amendments now apply to the state governments as well as the federal government by means of ______.
A) inspection
B) precedence
C) legislation
D) incorporation

Accepted Answer

The majority of the first 10 amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, now apply to the state governments as well as the federal government through a process known as incorporation. Incorporation is achieved through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to make most provisions of the Bill of Rights applicable to the states.

Question 17

The ______ to the U.S. Constitution provides that "Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech or of the press."
A) First Amendment
B) Fourth Amendment
C) Second Amendment
D) Ninth Amendment

Accepted Answer

The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects several basic freedoms in the United States including freedom of speech and the press.

Question 18

All of the following are concerns protected by the right to privacy EXCEPT ______.
A) sanctity of the home
B) intimate activities
C) information
D) child care

Accepted Answer

The right to privacy typically covers the sanctity of the home, intimate activities, and personal information, but it does not explicitly cover child care. Child care may involve privacy concerns, but it is not directly protected under the general concept of the right to privacy.

Question 19

The courts have adopted a level of ______ for classification on gender.
A) rational basis
B) intermediate scrutiny
C) strict scrutiny
D) rule of legality

Accepted Answer

The courts have adopted intermediate scrutiny as the level of review for classifications based on gender. This means that the government must show that the gender classification is substantially related to an important government objective.

Question 20

The rule of ______ has been characterized as "the first principle of the American criminal law and jurisprudence."
A) judiciary
B) legality
C) clarity
D) democracy

Accepted Answer

The rule of legality is often cited as the foundational principle of American criminal law and jurisprudence, emphasizing that an action cannot be considered a crime unless it is clearly defined as such by law prior to its commission.

Quiz 2: Constitutional Limitations

Which of the following categories of speech are NOT protected by the First Amendment?

______ is defined as speech that denigrates, humiliates, and attacks individuals on account of race, religion, ethnicity, nationality, gender, sexual preference, or other personal characteristics and preferences.

______ is a system of government based on a constitution that limits the powers of the government.

The constitutional law against ______ laws is based on the familiar interest in providing individuals notice of criminal conduct and protecting individuals against "after the fact" statutes.

All of the following are protections under the Equal Protection Clause EXCEPT ______.

Which of the following constitutional provision(s) contains the self-incrimination clause?

Which of the following types of speech is considered to be one of the central challenges confronting the First Amendment?

The doctrine of legality is reflected in all of the following constitutional principles EXCEPT ______.

The courts apply a(n) ______ test in examining distinctions based on race and national origin.

The ______ are the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution that create rights against the federal government.

The ______ doctrine was aimed at ensuring that statutes clearly inform citizens of prohibited acts while simultaneously providing definite standards for the enforcement of the law.

A ______ is a legislative act that punishes an individual or group of persons without the benefit of a trial.

Which amendment(s) prohibit(s) a state from depriving individuals of "life, liberty, or property without due process of the law"?

The doctrine of ______ provides that a statute is unconstitutional if it is drafted so broadly and imprecisely that it encompasses and prohibits a substantial amount of protected speech relative to the coverage of the statute.

Which of the following cases was the first to recognize the right to privacy?

The majority of the first 10 amendments now apply to the state governments as well as the federal government by means of ______.

The ______ to the U.S. Constitution provides that "Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech or of the press."

All of the following are concerns protected by the right to privacy EXCEPT ______.

The courts have adopted a level of ______ for classification on gender.

The rule of ______ has been characterized as "the first principle of the American criminal law and jurisprudence."