Question 1

Research conducted on East and West Germany found that

Accepted Answer

Research found that East Germans displayed more behaviors associated with learned helplessness than West Germans, likely due to the restrictive and controlled environment they experienced under the East German government.

Question 2

After studying abroad for a semester, Jing is excited to return home to China and reconnect with her friends.She wants to ensure that her friends still view her positively.What should Jing do to maintain face with her friends?

Accepted Answer

The answer of After studying abroad for a semester, Jing...

Question 3

As a member of his college debate team, Marvin's goal is the same as his teammate's goal: to win! In preparation for a major competition, Marvin's coach institutes several rules that will help the team members focus, including a rule to abstain from drinking alcohol the night before the competition.If Marvin is from a collectivist culture, how will he most likely respond to this rule?

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, individuals often prioritize group goals over personal desires, so Marvin is likely to appreciate rules that benefit the team.

Question 4

As you recall, researchers have conducted a number of studies examining how people from the United States and India experience choice differently.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding these research findings?

Accepted Answer

The incorrect statement is E because research generally shows that people from collectivist cultures, like India, perceive themselves as having fewer choices compared to those from individualistic cultures, like the United States, not more. This is due to cultural differences in the perception of individual autonomy and societal norms.

Question 5

Several real estate agents have been convicted of several counts of real estate fraud.The most plausible reaction from American and Japanese news outlets will be that Japanese newspapers are likelier than American ones to

Accepted Answer

Japanese culture often emphasizes collective responsibility, so Japanese news outlets are more likely to view the real estate companies as being at fault rather than focusing solely on individual agents.

Question 6

Which of the following is the best example of primary control?

Accepted Answer

Primary control involves changing the environment to fit one's desires or needs. Returning a computer game because it did not meet your expectations is an example of altering the environment to suit personal preferences.

Question 7

Charlotte, an American student from the United States, and her friend Chanda, who is from India, are talking with each other about their college academic advisors.They realize that they have both received the same advice from their advisors: they should take more statistics courses than their major requires.Given what you know about cultural influences on choice, how is each woman likely to respond to her advisor's advice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Charlotte, an American student from the United...

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of secondary control?

Accepted Answer

Secondary control involves adjusting one's attitudes or beliefs as a way to deal with situations, rather than taking direct action to change the situation itself. Convincing oneself that taking the bus is not so bad is an example of changing one's attitude towards a situation rather than changing the situation itself.

Question 9

You are a teacher who assesses your students' science knowledge by having them play one of many science games available on the computer, so you want them to take this task seriously.Your class is comprised of Asian American and European American children.How will you maximize their motivation to play these science games?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that Asian American students may be more motivated when choices are made by trusted authority figures or peers, while European American students often prefer personal choice.

Question 10

According to Kim and Markus's (1999) study, working-class Americans liked the pen they were given, regardless of whether they chose it or not, unlike upper-middle-class Americans, who much preferred the pen that they chose.This can be explained by

Accepted Answer

Working-class Americans engage in more secondary control, which involves adjusting oneself to the situation or context, rather than trying to change the situation to fit one's preferences. This explains why they liked the pen they were given, regardless of choice, in contrast to upper-middle-class Americans who preferred the pen they chose, reflecting a desire to assert control over their environment.

Question 11

In Western cultures, ________.In East Asian cultures, ________.

Accepted Answer

In Western cultures, there is a stronger emphasis on the individual and personal agency, leading to the perception that individuals can change more easily than the social world. In contrast, East Asian cultures often emphasize social harmony and the collective, leading to the view that the social world is more malleable than the individuals within it.

Question 12

Helen has lived in an Eastern, collectivistic culture her entire life.Which of the following statements about Helen is consistent with your knowledge of cultural influences on primary and secondary control?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Helen has lived in an Eastern, collectivistic...

Question 13

A person is building a road to connect two towns, but the road is stopped by a mountain.The person can either build the road so that it follows the side of the mountain and continues on from the other side or simply tunnel through the mountain.This person decides that people should not be pushed around by nature and so decides to tunnel through the mountain.Which of the following terms best describes this way of thinking?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person is building a road to...

Question 14

One frozen yogurt parlor has 10 flavors from which to choose (Parlor X.and another parlor has more than 100 (Parlor Z).You ask people to choose which one they want to patronize.Which of the following is most indicative of people's preferences, given the research on choices as described in the textbook?

Accepted Answer

Research on choices has shown that while people believe they prefer to have more options, having too many choices can actually make the decision-making process more difficult and less satisfying. This phenomenon, known as "choice overload," suggests that Americans may say they prefer Parlor Z for its variety, but in reality, they might find it harder to choose from a larger selection, as indicated in option C.

Question 15

When studying socioeconomic influences on choice, researchers hypothesize that working-class adults will perceive and experience choice differently than upper-middle-class adults.What is the rationale for this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The rationale is that working-class adults, due to their lower income, face more constraints and have fewer opportunities to make choices compared to upper-middle-class adults, affecting how they perceive and experience choice.

Question 16

Which of the following people would you expect to feel the need to maintain face?

Accepted Answer

Michelle's statement about avoiding negative outcomes suggests a concern with maintaining face, as maintaining face often involves avoiding situations that could lead to embarrassment or loss of social standing.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the research findings on cultural influences on primary and secondary control?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is TRUE...

Question 18

Siya, an Indian student starting her first year in college, is deciding on a major.Which of the following factors is most likely to guide her decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Siya, an Indian student starting her first...

Question 19

At an academic debate, you overhear one researcher say, "Based on Iyengar and colleagues' work on choice across cultures, Asian Americans have a stronger preference for everyone else to make choices for them rather than making choices for themselves." Do you agree?

Accepted Answer

Asian Americans show a preference for choices made by ingroup members, reflecting cultural values around collectivism and trust within their community, rather than a blanket preference for others making decisions for them.

Question 20

Makayla is from the United States and Michiko is from Japan.Given what you know about cultural influences on primary and secondary control, which of the following statements describes these women best?

Accepted Answer

Cultural influences on primary and secondary control suggest that individuals from individualistic cultures, like the United States, are more likely to remember situations where they exerted influence (primary control), while those from collectivistic cultures, like Japan, are more likely to remember situations where they adjusted or adapted (secondary control).

Quiz 8: Emotions