Question 1

__________ results from a single gene mutation that doesn't allow the breakdown of phenylalanine.

Accepted Answer

PKU (phenylketonuria) results from a single gene mutation that doesn't allow the breakdown of phenylalanine.

Question 2

The egg is released from the ovary's surface and immediately captured by the:

Accepted Answer

The egg is released from the ovary's surface during ovulation and is immediately captured by the fallopian tube, also known as the oviduct. It is in the fallopian tube where fertilization takes place if sperm are present.

Question 3

As a woman approaches the end of her egg-producing years, some eggs may have been present in her body for as long as:

Accepted Answer

Women are born with all the eggs they will ever have, and these eggs age with them. The eggs begin aging before the woman is even born, and by the time she reaches the end of her egg-producing years, some of the oldest eggs could have been present in her body for up to 40 years.

Question 4

How many people in the United States are thought to be carriers for cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder, and it is estimated that about 1 in 30 people in the United States are carriers of the cystic fibrosis gene.

Question 5

Fertilization generally occurs in the:

Accepted Answer

Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube, where the sperm can meet and penetrate the egg released from the ovary. The fertilized egg will then travel down the fallopian tube and eventually implant in the uterus. The cervical region is the lower part of the uterus and does not play a direct role in fertilization. The ovary releases the egg, but fertilization does not typically occur there.

Question 6

__________ occurs when the egg bursts from the surface of the ovary.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ occurs when the egg bursts from...

Question 7

Ana Clara has just found out she is pregnant. Ana Clara is 45 years old. There is a greater risk that her baby will have abnormalities, because:

Accepted Answer

As a woman ages, the quality of her eggs decreases, making it more likely for genetic abnormalities to occur in the fetus. Therefore, the risk of abnormalities is higher for Ana Clara's baby because she is 45 years old, and her eggs will be approximately the same age. Age does not necessarily affect a woman's diet or access to medical care, and morning sickness does not directly impact the likelihood of abnormalities in a fetus.

Question 8

Which of the following genetic disorders can be successfully treated with a modification of diet?

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) can be managed with a special diet low in phenylalanine to prevent intellectual disability and other complications.

Question 9

__________ is a genetic disorder whose deleterious effects may be prevented if it is identified early; therefore, nearly all newborns are tested for it.

Accepted Answer

PKU (Phenylketonuria) is a genetic disorder that can lead to intellectual disability and other serious health problems if not treated early. Newborns are routinely screened for PKU so that dietary interventions can be started promptly to prevent these adverse effects.

Question 10

The human female carries approximately __________ eggs at the time she is born.

Accepted Answer

Females are born with approximately 1-2 million eggs in their ovaries, which decrease in number as they age.

Question 11

The first cell division takes place about __________ after fertilization occurs.

Accepted Answer

The first cell division, or cleavage, typically occurs about 30 to 40 hours after fertilization in humans.

Question 12

As a reproductive woman, Josie can expect to produce approximately __________ mature ova over her lifetime.

Accepted Answer

A woman typically releases about 400 mature ova during her reproductive years, from puberty to menopause.

Question 13

The first cell division of the fertilized ovum occurs in the:

Accepted Answer

The first cell division of the fertilized ovum occurs in the fallopian tube within the first 24 hours after fertilization.

Question 14

Beginning at puberty, females experience monthly sexual events called:

Accepted Answer

The menstrual cycle is a monthly sexual event that begins at puberty in females, where the lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for a possible pregnancy, and if pregnancy does not occur, the lining is shed through menstruation. The climacteric refers to the physiological changes that occur in both men and women during midlife, andropause is the male equivalent of menopause, and menopause refers to the cessation of menstruation and reproductive function in females typically around age 50.

Question 15

Celia was successfully treated as an infant for a potentially lethal genetic disorder. Now that she is pregnant, Celia must return to the special diet that saved her life as a child. What is the disorder that Celia has?

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that requires a special diet to prevent harmful effects. Pregnant women with PKU must adhere to this diet to avoid complications for themselves and their unborn child.

Question 16

The process of ovulation prepares the uterine lining for a potential fertilized ovum and:

Accepted Answer

During ovulation, a surge of hormones triggers the maturation and release of one dominant egg. At the same time, hormonal changes also prevent the development and maturation of other eggs, inhibiting their ripening for the remainder of the menstrual cycle. This helps to conserve reproductive resources and ensure that the body is fully prepared to support a potential fetus. Options A and B are both incorrect, as ovulation does not affect vaginal acidity or trigger menstruation. Option C is also incorrect, as ovulation only releases a single mature egg per cycle.

Question 17

Danielle is nearly 12 years old and has just begun having her "periods." The technical name for this is:

Accepted Answer

Menstruation is the technical term for the monthly cycle of bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's reproductive cycle.

Question 18

Nekolina's obstetrician has recommended that she have adequate amounts of folic acid in her diet, even prior to becoming pregnant. Nekolina's obstetrician is acknowledging the role of this nutrient in the prevention of

Accepted Answer

Folic acid is crucial for preventing neural tube defects such as spina bifida in developing embryos.

Question 19

After ovulation, if fertilization does not occur, the uterine lining is shed in a process called:

Accepted Answer

Menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining. Capacitation is a process of preparing sperm for fertilization, and is not related to the shedding of the uterine lining. The climacterium refers to the phase of menopause, which occurs several years after menstruation ceases. Puberty refers to the period of physical changes that occur during adolescence.

Question 20

___________ is an example of a genetic defect caused by the interaction of several genes with environmental involvement.

Accepted Answer

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors, such as folic acid deficiency during pregnancy.

Quiz 3: Pregnancy and Prenatal Development