Question 1

Emir generally seemed delighted at his play dates. However, after Emir turned nine months old, he began to cry when his mother dropped him off with their neighbor. Emir appears to have developed:

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety typically develops around this age, where infants become distressed when separated from their primary caregivers.

Question 2

Smiling by infants and their caregivers is a good example of:

Accepted Answer

Smiling by infants and their caregivers is a good example of reciprocal interactions because it involves a back-and-forth exchange of smiles between the two individuals.

Question 3

Of the following, which is not considered a primary emotion?

Accepted Answer

Guilt is not considered a primary emotion; it is a complex emotion that involves self-reflection and social understanding. Primary emotions are basic and universal, such as fear and disgust.

Question 4

Brandon spilled a cup of water when he was trying to fill the cat's dish. His father scolded Brandon for his clumsiness. Brandon was embarrassed, because his cousin was visiting. The shame Brandon feels as a result of his father's criticism will affect Brandon's:

Accepted Answer

Brandon's shame from his father's criticism can impact his self-esteem, self-confidence, and sense of competence, as these are interconnected aspects of his self-perception and emotional response to criticism.

Question 5

Shame and defiance are often attributed to infants, but research shows that only children __________ old or older can feel these emotions.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that complex emotions like shame and defiance require a certain level of cognitive development, which typically occurs around 18 to 24 months of age.

Question 6

Unlike children younger than them, three-year-olds are capable of complex emotions, such as:

Accepted Answer

Three-year-olds have developed the cognitive ability to experience complex emotions like shame and guilt, which require a sense of self and understanding of social norms.

Question 7

Separation anxiety typically appears around the age of:

Accepted Answer

Separation anxiety typically appears around 9 to 12 months of age when infants start to recognize familiar faces and become attached to their primary caregivers.

Question 8

When does a baby's smile indicate recognition of faces in a social context?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that by the age of six weeks, babies are able to distinguish their mother's face from that of a stranger and will smile in response to their mother's face. This indicates recognition of faces in a social context.

Question 9

The development of secondary emotions seems to be tied to a child's:

Accepted Answer

Secondary emotions, such as pride, shame, and guilt, require a level of self-awareness that allows a child to evaluate themselves and their actions in relation to others and societal standards.

Question 10

Two of the most influential researchers in attachment are:

Accepted Answer

Bowlby and Ainsworth are considered the pioneers in the field of attachment theory. Bowlby developed the original theory of attachment, while Ainsworth developed the famous "Strange Situation" experiment, which assessed the quality of attachment between infants and their caregivers. Their research has had a significant impact on our understanding of how early relationships shape later development.

Question 11

__________ is considered a primary emotion.

Accepted Answer

Joy is considered a primary emotion, which is a basic and universal emotional response.

Question 12

Noah had his first hair cut. He no longer had long golden curls. When his father saw him, he laughed and told Noah he looked like a little old man instead of a little girl. His father's laughter made Noah feel ashamed. Noah must be at least:

Accepted Answer

At 1½ to 2 years old, children start to develop a sense of self-awareness and can feel emotions like shame.

Question 13

Babies prefer to smile:

Accepted Answer

Babies are naturally inclined to smile in response to human faces, female voices, and high contrast stimuli, as these are all engaging and stimulating for their developing senses.

Question 14

For most infants, stranger anxiety occurs between the ages of:

Accepted Answer

Stranger anxiety typically occurs between 9 to 12 months of age. This is when infants begin to develop a sense of object permanence and can recognize familiar caregivers from strangers, leading to anxiety or fear in the presence of strangers.

Question 15

The emotions expressed by babies twelve to eighteen months of age that are not seen in younger children are:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The emotions expressed by babies twelve to...

Question 16

Ten-month-old Brooklyn is going to meet her aunt for the first time. Brooklyn has always been a friendly baby, but when her aunt tried to hold her, Brooklyn clung to her mother and began to whimper. Brooklyn is exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

Brooklyn's behavior is a classic sign of stranger anxiety, which typically emerges around 6-9 months of age. Babies at this stage become "suspicious" of unfamiliar faces and may react with fussiness, crying, or clinging when someone new tries to pick them up or interact with them. This is a normal developmental stage and usually improves with time, as the baby becomes more familiar with different people and situations.

Question 17

__________ is defined as behavior intended to keep a child or adult in close proximity to a significant other.

Accepted Answer

Attachment is a psychological concept that describes the emotional bond and behavior intended to keep a child or adult close to a significant other, often for safety and security.

Question 18

__________ is the scientific field that stresses behavior is strongly influenced by biology and is linked to evolution.

Accepted Answer

Ethology is the scientific field that studies animal behavior, emphasizing the role of biology and evolution in shaping behavior.

Question 19

When Angel was placed in a crib with an older child that immediately started to cry, Angel tried to climb out of the crib. It was clear to his father that Angel was anxious about the situation. How old must Angel be to experience this emotion?

Accepted Answer

Infants typically begin to show signs of anxiety and distress in response to others' emotions, such as crying, between six and nine months of age.

Question 20

When children are __________ months of age, they exhibit feelings of security and well being which enable them to explore with confidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When children are __________ months of age,...

Quiz 5: Infancy